WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Suburbanization - ANSWER-movement out of central cities into fringes after 1950;
post WW2 economy, which consisted of baby boom, more money, and desire for
more space
-construction of interstates; affordability of cars
-overcrowding, pollution, crime, white flight in central cities, which pushed them to
outer areas
consequences of Colonization - ANSWER--death of 50 million indigenous ppl.
across region
-Transatlantic Slave Trade: 9 million African slaves over 250 year period
-Columbian exchange: exchange of ppl, animals, plants, diseases, pests, etc. b/t
Europe and Latin America
-massive changes to Land Tenure and agricultural practices, such as coffee,
plantation, hacienda
-architecture, agriculture, cities, and infrastructure located and designed explicitly for
extraction of resources/political control (for the benefit of European country, not
indigenous ppl)
consequences of Colonialism - ANSWER--decimation of many indigenous ppl.
-ways of life: cultural losses/changes, such as food, religion, language, etc
-hybridization of cultural beliefs and practices
-meshing of indigenous beliefs and/or African beliefs with those from colonizers
(Spain, Portugal, etc)
Inti Raymi - ANSWER-"Festival of the Sun"; summer solstice celebration throughout
the Andes; also referred to as Festivals of San Pedro and San Pablo
-St. Peter and St. Paul (dancing, music, food, parade)
-in Ecuador, diff. towns have diff, celebrations/customs
goal of post-colonial Latin America - ANSWER-raise overall standard of living
through industrialization
Import Substitution Industrialization (1930's-1970's) - ANSWER--government
owned/run industries
-producing for domestic consumption
-only economies of Mexico and Brazil actually benefited
-opposite of Structural Adjustment Programs
Loans from International Banks - ANSWER--international monetary fund
-World Bank that leads to huge debts across the region; "debt cycle/trap"
-money goes to pay interest on external debt, which leaves less money for internal
development (healthcare, education, industrialization, etc)
, -1980's "Lost Decade" in Latin America (slowdown in growth and deterioration in
living standards that accompanied financial crisis)
Structural Adjustment Program - ANSWER--privatization and marketization for
export promotion
-lower trade barriers, produce for export, attract Multinational Corporations, and
sometimes devalue currency
-attracts capital (investment); makes exports more attractive and cheaper, but can
out-price domestic business
-money goes into repaying loans, not internal development
-opposite of Import Substitution Industrialization
Export processing zone - ANSWER-areas where governments create favorable
investment and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries
multinational corporation - ANSWER-An organization that manufactures and markets
products in many different countries and has multinational stock ownership and
multinational management
-Walmart's annual revenues are larger than the economies of all but four Latin
American countries
-Only 6 countries in Latin America have GDP's larger than the annual revenue of the
world's 10th biggest corporation.
Amazon Rainforest - ANSWER--15% has been cleared since 1900
-patterns of development and deforestation vary spatially
-does not provide 20% of the Earth's oxygen
-cattle ranching is driving deforestation
-measure deforestation using remote sensing and geographic info systems analysis
(satellite imagery)
-rate of deforestation is decreasing
REDD program - ANSWER-Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation; incentives provided to encourage forest protection
reforestation initiatives - ANSWER--Mindo Cloudforest Foundation (partner with
international organizations and/or government in Europe, TNC to fund these
initiatives
-landowners, farmers, ranchers, etc. must have alternative means of income to be
convinced to slow/stop deforestation or work toward reforestation
regions defined by - ANSWER--physical geography (topography, climate, geology)
-cultural characteristics (language, religion, dress, food, music)
-political control/relations
-economic relations/activities
-economic/social well-being (standard of living, HDI)
tertiary economic activity - ANSWER-Economic activity associated with the provision
of services - such as transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-
based jobs.
PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Suburbanization - ANSWER-movement out of central cities into fringes after 1950;
post WW2 economy, which consisted of baby boom, more money, and desire for
more space
-construction of interstates; affordability of cars
-overcrowding, pollution, crime, white flight in central cities, which pushed them to
outer areas
consequences of Colonization - ANSWER--death of 50 million indigenous ppl.
across region
-Transatlantic Slave Trade: 9 million African slaves over 250 year period
-Columbian exchange: exchange of ppl, animals, plants, diseases, pests, etc. b/t
Europe and Latin America
-massive changes to Land Tenure and agricultural practices, such as coffee,
plantation, hacienda
-architecture, agriculture, cities, and infrastructure located and designed explicitly for
extraction of resources/political control (for the benefit of European country, not
indigenous ppl)
consequences of Colonialism - ANSWER--decimation of many indigenous ppl.
-ways of life: cultural losses/changes, such as food, religion, language, etc
-hybridization of cultural beliefs and practices
-meshing of indigenous beliefs and/or African beliefs with those from colonizers
(Spain, Portugal, etc)
Inti Raymi - ANSWER-"Festival of the Sun"; summer solstice celebration throughout
the Andes; also referred to as Festivals of San Pedro and San Pablo
-St. Peter and St. Paul (dancing, music, food, parade)
-in Ecuador, diff. towns have diff, celebrations/customs
goal of post-colonial Latin America - ANSWER-raise overall standard of living
through industrialization
Import Substitution Industrialization (1930's-1970's) - ANSWER--government
owned/run industries
-producing for domestic consumption
-only economies of Mexico and Brazil actually benefited
-opposite of Structural Adjustment Programs
Loans from International Banks - ANSWER--international monetary fund
-World Bank that leads to huge debts across the region; "debt cycle/trap"
-money goes to pay interest on external debt, which leaves less money for internal
development (healthcare, education, industrialization, etc)
, -1980's "Lost Decade" in Latin America (slowdown in growth and deterioration in
living standards that accompanied financial crisis)
Structural Adjustment Program - ANSWER--privatization and marketization for
export promotion
-lower trade barriers, produce for export, attract Multinational Corporations, and
sometimes devalue currency
-attracts capital (investment); makes exports more attractive and cheaper, but can
out-price domestic business
-money goes into repaying loans, not internal development
-opposite of Import Substitution Industrialization
Export processing zone - ANSWER-areas where governments create favorable
investment and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries
multinational corporation - ANSWER-An organization that manufactures and markets
products in many different countries and has multinational stock ownership and
multinational management
-Walmart's annual revenues are larger than the economies of all but four Latin
American countries
-Only 6 countries in Latin America have GDP's larger than the annual revenue of the
world's 10th biggest corporation.
Amazon Rainforest - ANSWER--15% has been cleared since 1900
-patterns of development and deforestation vary spatially
-does not provide 20% of the Earth's oxygen
-cattle ranching is driving deforestation
-measure deforestation using remote sensing and geographic info systems analysis
(satellite imagery)
-rate of deforestation is decreasing
REDD program - ANSWER-Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation; incentives provided to encourage forest protection
reforestation initiatives - ANSWER--Mindo Cloudforest Foundation (partner with
international organizations and/or government in Europe, TNC to fund these
initiatives
-landowners, farmers, ranchers, etc. must have alternative means of income to be
convinced to slow/stop deforestation or work toward reforestation
regions defined by - ANSWER--physical geography (topography, climate, geology)
-cultural characteristics (language, religion, dress, food, music)
-political control/relations
-economic relations/activities
-economic/social well-being (standard of living, HDI)
tertiary economic activity - ANSWER-Economic activity associated with the provision
of services - such as transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-
based jobs.
