NSG 1600 | Exam #4 | Week 9 | Gas
Exchange/Respiratory(All answered)
Types of asthma? correct answers1.) IGE -> allergies that caused asthma
2.) Exercise induced asthma
3.) Irritants -> Like smoking, pollen, pet hair/fur
Types of COPD? correct answersEmphysema and Chronic Bronchitis -> "Umbrella of COPD"
Is COPD reversible or irreversible/nonreversible? correct answersIrreversible/Nonreversible
Vulnerable populations: Respiratory correct answers- Old -> decrease muscle tone, naturally
have that decline. Though it is normal to have decline
it shouldn't be impacting your lungs significantly. (Though this population may be
more vulnerable because things have slowed down and they don't have same muscle function,
they should still be able to breathe within a normal range. They should still have a normal
respiratory status.)
- Very young -> premature infants because don't have enough surfactant in their lungs. Lungs are
not
fully developed.
COPD isn't a natural occurrence due to age.
Risk Factors: Respiratory correct answers- Immunosuppression
- Asthmatic -> especially uncontrolled, will put a person at greater risk for developing
COPD. This is typically reversible when its controlled, but not when its uncontrolled and
irreversible damage starts to occur then it starts to roll into COPD.
- Chronic disease
- Prolonged immobility -> bed rest (not coughing, no deep breathing not using lungs) ("lungs are
resting too much")
Ex. Patient has a bilateral hip replacement and they are noncompliant with getting up, moving
and doing exercises—this person can end up with respiratory illness because they aren't working
their lungs. Patients need to be sitting up, coughing and deep breathing, and ambulating—if this
isn't happening then our lungs are resting too much.
- Drug use/substance abuse -> illicit drug use is a big one. There are some prescribed drugs that
can cause issues, but the primary problem is with illicit drug use.
- Family history/genetic risk -> history of asthma has a genetic component to it.
- Smoking
Is COPD irreversible or reversible? correct answersCOPD is really considered irreversible
damage—When we have patients that are diagnosed with COPD, our goals are to prevent them
from declining further. Damage in COPD can't be reversed, we can only help them maintain their
current optimal function.
What is the number one and most preventable cause of COPD? correct answersSmoking!!!
, Info about COPD to take into consideration. correct answersMany patients don't even realize that
they have COPD. You can be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis if you have a cough that occurs
throughout most of the year. If you have chronic bronchitis, this IS COPD—it falls under that
COPD umbrella. Patients may think they only have chronic bronchitis, but actually that IS
COPD.
Health Disparities: Leading to Respiratory Problems correct answers- Socioeconomic status ->
this is also linked to increased smoking; low socioeconomic
status is often linked to increased rates of smoking—may be an attempt to reduce the
high stress by "medicating" with cigarettes.
- Environmental hazard/Where might people live that would put them at greater risk for
respiratory problems? ->
o Inner city due to lots of smog, factories, smoke pollution (stress reducer), and air pollutants
o Condensed populations
- Mental Health
- Occupation Hazards -> (working in a factory having exposure leading to respiratory issues)
- Smoking -> race and ethnicity. Smoking is highest among Native Americans and
Canadian First Nations people.
- People living below the poverty level have greater prevalence of smoking. (Smoking = stress
reliever)
Community Health Nurse (working for a county or health department) correct answersTrying to
find ways to cure respiratory issues in an area with a high COPD rate of respiratory issues.
Respiratory Assessment "Going into a patient's room who has COPD what are we assessing
first?" or "You enter a patient's room who has come in for COPD, what will our respiratory
assessment look like?" correct answers- Airway
- Breath sounds -> listening to lung sounds
- Heart
- Looking at skin
- Cap refill
- Mucus membranes
- How they are breathing -> pursed lips and in tripod position = likely a COPD patient with.
chronic issues
- Vitals
- Goal O2 stat for COPD patients are 90% and above
- Inspect chest/thorax -> barrel chest (asthmatic or COPD) "1-1.5 or even 2-2.5"
- Fingernails -> clubbing
- Inspect posture -> tripod position
What would our goal O2 sat be for our patient with COPD? correct answers90% and above is the
goal. We don't want them at 88 or 89. The golden number we want is 90 and above at Sinclair
Memorial.
Exchange/Respiratory(All answered)
Types of asthma? correct answers1.) IGE -> allergies that caused asthma
2.) Exercise induced asthma
3.) Irritants -> Like smoking, pollen, pet hair/fur
Types of COPD? correct answersEmphysema and Chronic Bronchitis -> "Umbrella of COPD"
Is COPD reversible or irreversible/nonreversible? correct answersIrreversible/Nonreversible
Vulnerable populations: Respiratory correct answers- Old -> decrease muscle tone, naturally
have that decline. Though it is normal to have decline
it shouldn't be impacting your lungs significantly. (Though this population may be
more vulnerable because things have slowed down and they don't have same muscle function,
they should still be able to breathe within a normal range. They should still have a normal
respiratory status.)
- Very young -> premature infants because don't have enough surfactant in their lungs. Lungs are
not
fully developed.
COPD isn't a natural occurrence due to age.
Risk Factors: Respiratory correct answers- Immunosuppression
- Asthmatic -> especially uncontrolled, will put a person at greater risk for developing
COPD. This is typically reversible when its controlled, but not when its uncontrolled and
irreversible damage starts to occur then it starts to roll into COPD.
- Chronic disease
- Prolonged immobility -> bed rest (not coughing, no deep breathing not using lungs) ("lungs are
resting too much")
Ex. Patient has a bilateral hip replacement and they are noncompliant with getting up, moving
and doing exercises—this person can end up with respiratory illness because they aren't working
their lungs. Patients need to be sitting up, coughing and deep breathing, and ambulating—if this
isn't happening then our lungs are resting too much.
- Drug use/substance abuse -> illicit drug use is a big one. There are some prescribed drugs that
can cause issues, but the primary problem is with illicit drug use.
- Family history/genetic risk -> history of asthma has a genetic component to it.
- Smoking
Is COPD irreversible or reversible? correct answersCOPD is really considered irreversible
damage—When we have patients that are diagnosed with COPD, our goals are to prevent them
from declining further. Damage in COPD can't be reversed, we can only help them maintain their
current optimal function.
What is the number one and most preventable cause of COPD? correct answersSmoking!!!
, Info about COPD to take into consideration. correct answersMany patients don't even realize that
they have COPD. You can be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis if you have a cough that occurs
throughout most of the year. If you have chronic bronchitis, this IS COPD—it falls under that
COPD umbrella. Patients may think they only have chronic bronchitis, but actually that IS
COPD.
Health Disparities: Leading to Respiratory Problems correct answers- Socioeconomic status ->
this is also linked to increased smoking; low socioeconomic
status is often linked to increased rates of smoking—may be an attempt to reduce the
high stress by "medicating" with cigarettes.
- Environmental hazard/Where might people live that would put them at greater risk for
respiratory problems? ->
o Inner city due to lots of smog, factories, smoke pollution (stress reducer), and air pollutants
o Condensed populations
- Mental Health
- Occupation Hazards -> (working in a factory having exposure leading to respiratory issues)
- Smoking -> race and ethnicity. Smoking is highest among Native Americans and
Canadian First Nations people.
- People living below the poverty level have greater prevalence of smoking. (Smoking = stress
reliever)
Community Health Nurse (working for a county or health department) correct answersTrying to
find ways to cure respiratory issues in an area with a high COPD rate of respiratory issues.
Respiratory Assessment "Going into a patient's room who has COPD what are we assessing
first?" or "You enter a patient's room who has come in for COPD, what will our respiratory
assessment look like?" correct answers- Airway
- Breath sounds -> listening to lung sounds
- Heart
- Looking at skin
- Cap refill
- Mucus membranes
- How they are breathing -> pursed lips and in tripod position = likely a COPD patient with.
chronic issues
- Vitals
- Goal O2 stat for COPD patients are 90% and above
- Inspect chest/thorax -> barrel chest (asthmatic or COPD) "1-1.5 or even 2-2.5"
- Fingernails -> clubbing
- Inspect posture -> tripod position
What would our goal O2 sat be for our patient with COPD? correct answers90% and above is the
goal. We don't want them at 88 or 89. The golden number we want is 90 and above at Sinclair
Memorial.
