PSIO 305 ARIZONA EXAM 1 QUESTONS
Receptive area for incoming input from other neurons - Answers :Cell body and
dendrites
Component in neuron that is powerhouse and maintenance man as per all cells -
Answers :Cell Body
Cable to transmit signal to other neurons or effector cells. Length can vary from microns
to meters. - Answers :Axon
Site of communication, converting electrical signal to chemical signal. - Answers
:Synapse
Axon terminal or bouton : contains vesicles of neurotransmitter chemical messengers
(NT's) - Answers :Presynaptic
Replete with receptors for NT's to continue signaling process - Answers :Postsynaptic
'fast' synapse type, dependent on ion flux through ligand-gated ion channels, generating
voltage changes from small end plate potentials to action potentials. - Answers
:ionotropic synapses.
"Slow" synapse type, the post-synaptic response occurs via any of a number of 2nd
messenger cell signaling pathways that result in longer-term changes in cell
metabolism, protein synthesis, or gene activation. - Answers :metabotropic synapses
Neuroglia comprise a __________ % of the cells in the nervous system - Answers
:Much larger, 10x
Important roles of Neuroglia - Answers :Structural support, Insulation, Environmental
maintenance, growth support
Proprioception refers to - Answers :Knowledge of location of body and parts
The intensity of any one stimulus is indicated by the _______________________
carried along that sensory neuron - Answers :frequency of the action potentials
"Movement Plan" must take into account many issues: - Answers :starting point,
stopping point, speed, direction, required force and appropriate muscles to activate.
Involved very early in formulating the plan (initiation, idea, why/how this plan, etc.) -
Answers :Frontal lobe association area and pre motor cortex
Relays final movement plan to spinal cord to activate relevant motor units (and muscles)
for movement - Answers :Primary motor cortex (in frontal lobe)
, Receives somatotopically arranged sensory input to be utilized in addressing key issues
as above. - Answers :Primary sensory cortex (Parietal lobe)
integrates information from many individual body parts to providea sense of 'whole
body' or whole sides of body - Answers :Association area in Parietal lobe
balance, motor learning, coordination, and termination or "braking" of movement
segments - Answers :Cerebellum
collection of nuclei involved in initiation of movement, learning & choice ofmovement
repertoires, as well as in memory tasks. - Answers :Basal Ganglia
This is the primary site of dysfunction for Parkinson's disease - with loss of
dopaminergic neurons resulting in difficulty starting movements as well as tremor or
unwanted movements at rest - Answers :Basal Ganglia
type of communication or effect of one system or cell on another. Something that
supports and stimulates another cell or organ - Answers :trophic effect
Historical study of the 'bumps' and surface irregularities of the skull as 'indicators of
function for the underlying neural tissues) - Answers :Phrenology
provide high-resolution views of the various structures within the CNS - Answers :CAT
scans and MRI
provide real-time information about which components of theCNS are active during
specific tasks. - Answers :Functional MRI (fMRI) and PET scan
indicates the electrical activity generated in regions of the CNS - Answers
:Electroencephalogram (EEG)
by adding in or removing specific genetic codes, one can observe changes in cell
function and/or animal behavior - Answers :Knock in/Out experimental models
cell & membrane components, receptor & NT types canbe identified for single cells
and/or regions of the brain. - Answers :Immunohistochemistry/PCR/Western Blots
insertion of channels into a group of cells that are activated by a laser - Answers
:Optogenetics
this addscomplexity, but also flexibility, redundancy and adaptability in the nervous
system - Answers :array of inputs, pathways and chemical signaling mechanisms
Receptive area for incoming input from other neurons - Answers :Cell body and
dendrites
Component in neuron that is powerhouse and maintenance man as per all cells -
Answers :Cell Body
Cable to transmit signal to other neurons or effector cells. Length can vary from microns
to meters. - Answers :Axon
Site of communication, converting electrical signal to chemical signal. - Answers
:Synapse
Axon terminal or bouton : contains vesicles of neurotransmitter chemical messengers
(NT's) - Answers :Presynaptic
Replete with receptors for NT's to continue signaling process - Answers :Postsynaptic
'fast' synapse type, dependent on ion flux through ligand-gated ion channels, generating
voltage changes from small end plate potentials to action potentials. - Answers
:ionotropic synapses.
"Slow" synapse type, the post-synaptic response occurs via any of a number of 2nd
messenger cell signaling pathways that result in longer-term changes in cell
metabolism, protein synthesis, or gene activation. - Answers :metabotropic synapses
Neuroglia comprise a __________ % of the cells in the nervous system - Answers
:Much larger, 10x
Important roles of Neuroglia - Answers :Structural support, Insulation, Environmental
maintenance, growth support
Proprioception refers to - Answers :Knowledge of location of body and parts
The intensity of any one stimulus is indicated by the _______________________
carried along that sensory neuron - Answers :frequency of the action potentials
"Movement Plan" must take into account many issues: - Answers :starting point,
stopping point, speed, direction, required force and appropriate muscles to activate.
Involved very early in formulating the plan (initiation, idea, why/how this plan, etc.) -
Answers :Frontal lobe association area and pre motor cortex
Relays final movement plan to spinal cord to activate relevant motor units (and muscles)
for movement - Answers :Primary motor cortex (in frontal lobe)
, Receives somatotopically arranged sensory input to be utilized in addressing key issues
as above. - Answers :Primary sensory cortex (Parietal lobe)
integrates information from many individual body parts to providea sense of 'whole
body' or whole sides of body - Answers :Association area in Parietal lobe
balance, motor learning, coordination, and termination or "braking" of movement
segments - Answers :Cerebellum
collection of nuclei involved in initiation of movement, learning & choice ofmovement
repertoires, as well as in memory tasks. - Answers :Basal Ganglia
This is the primary site of dysfunction for Parkinson's disease - with loss of
dopaminergic neurons resulting in difficulty starting movements as well as tremor or
unwanted movements at rest - Answers :Basal Ganglia
type of communication or effect of one system or cell on another. Something that
supports and stimulates another cell or organ - Answers :trophic effect
Historical study of the 'bumps' and surface irregularities of the skull as 'indicators of
function for the underlying neural tissues) - Answers :Phrenology
provide high-resolution views of the various structures within the CNS - Answers :CAT
scans and MRI
provide real-time information about which components of theCNS are active during
specific tasks. - Answers :Functional MRI (fMRI) and PET scan
indicates the electrical activity generated in regions of the CNS - Answers
:Electroencephalogram (EEG)
by adding in or removing specific genetic codes, one can observe changes in cell
function and/or animal behavior - Answers :Knock in/Out experimental models
cell & membrane components, receptor & NT types canbe identified for single cells
and/or regions of the brain. - Answers :Immunohistochemistry/PCR/Western Blots
insertion of channels into a group of cells that are activated by a laser - Answers
:Optogenetics
this addscomplexity, but also flexibility, redundancy and adaptability in the nervous
system - Answers :array of inputs, pathways and chemical signaling mechanisms
