HBIO 202 End Term Exam Questions With
100% Verified Answers!!
carbohydrates
sugar molecules. One of the three main nutrients - macronutrients- found in food and drinks
Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose (blood sugar) - main source of energy for your
body
simple carbohydrates
monosaccharides: fructose, glucose, and galactose
disaccharides: sucrose (glucose and fructose)
maltose (glucose and glucose)
lactose (glucose and galactose)
complex carbohydrates
polysaccharides (starch).
- amylose (straight chain - harder to break down)
- amylopectin (branched chain and easier to break down)
dietary fiber
soluble fiber: dissolves in water and acts as a sponge to sweep fat out of intestinal tract. stay
fuller for longer.
insoluble fiber: bulks up stools, doesn't dissolve in water, prevents constipation
enzyme that breaks down carbs
amylase (saliva amylase, pancreatic amylase in small intestine)
carbs digestion and absorption
amylase in saliva breaks down carbs. small intestine amylase breaks down remaining starch into
maltose which are then broken down into monosacharides (glucose) and absorbed into blood
insulin and glucagon in body
, insulin: helps direct glucose into cells from blood stream. When glucose goes too high, pancreas
releases insulin into bloodstream so it can direct blood glucose into cells for storage.
glucagon: Directs the release of glucose from stored glycogen in liver to help raise blood glucose
level
If blood sugar goes too low, pancreas releases glucagon, which causes liver to turn stored
glycogen back into glucose and release it into the blood
lipids and their classification
fats.
simple lipids: fat, oil, wax
compound lipids: phospholipids, glycolipids
Derived lipids: steroids, eicosanoids
functions of lipids in the body
Energy storage
Insulation
Transport of proteins in blood
Aid in absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Cell membrane structure
three types of lipids
triglycerides: energy storage. three fatty acid chains connected to a backbone.
phospholipids: form cell membranes. two fatty acids connected to a backbone and phosphate
group.
cholesterol: building block for cell membranes and hormones
fatty acids
Are found in triglycerides and phospholipids. length of fatty acid chain determines GI tract: short
and medium--> absorbed directly into blood.
long chains--> too large to be released into blood and are absorbed into lymphatic system
saturated vs. unsaturated fats
100% Verified Answers!!
carbohydrates
sugar molecules. One of the three main nutrients - macronutrients- found in food and drinks
Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose (blood sugar) - main source of energy for your
body
simple carbohydrates
monosaccharides: fructose, glucose, and galactose
disaccharides: sucrose (glucose and fructose)
maltose (glucose and glucose)
lactose (glucose and galactose)
complex carbohydrates
polysaccharides (starch).
- amylose (straight chain - harder to break down)
- amylopectin (branched chain and easier to break down)
dietary fiber
soluble fiber: dissolves in water and acts as a sponge to sweep fat out of intestinal tract. stay
fuller for longer.
insoluble fiber: bulks up stools, doesn't dissolve in water, prevents constipation
enzyme that breaks down carbs
amylase (saliva amylase, pancreatic amylase in small intestine)
carbs digestion and absorption
amylase in saliva breaks down carbs. small intestine amylase breaks down remaining starch into
maltose which are then broken down into monosacharides (glucose) and absorbed into blood
insulin and glucagon in body
, insulin: helps direct glucose into cells from blood stream. When glucose goes too high, pancreas
releases insulin into bloodstream so it can direct blood glucose into cells for storage.
glucagon: Directs the release of glucose from stored glycogen in liver to help raise blood glucose
level
If blood sugar goes too low, pancreas releases glucagon, which causes liver to turn stored
glycogen back into glucose and release it into the blood
lipids and their classification
fats.
simple lipids: fat, oil, wax
compound lipids: phospholipids, glycolipids
Derived lipids: steroids, eicosanoids
functions of lipids in the body
Energy storage
Insulation
Transport of proteins in blood
Aid in absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Cell membrane structure
three types of lipids
triglycerides: energy storage. three fatty acid chains connected to a backbone.
phospholipids: form cell membranes. two fatty acids connected to a backbone and phosphate
group.
cholesterol: building block for cell membranes and hormones
fatty acids
Are found in triglycerides and phospholipids. length of fatty acid chain determines GI tract: short
and medium--> absorbed directly into blood.
long chains--> too large to be released into blood and are absorbed into lymphatic system
saturated vs. unsaturated fats
