Solution Manual Employment Law for Business, 10th
Edition, Dawn Bennett-Alexander, Chapters 1 - 16
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
O O
ChapterO1OTheORegulationOofOEmployment
ChapterO2OTheOEmploymentOLawOToolkit:OResourcesOforOUnderstandingOtheOLawO andORecurringOL
egalOConcepts
ChapterO3OTitleOVIIOofOtheOCivilORightsOActOofO1964
ChapterO4OLegalOConstructionOofOtheOEmploymentOEnvironmentO ChapterO5OAffirmati
veOAction
ChapterO6ORaceOandOColorODiscriminationO Chapt
erO7ONationalOOriginODiscriminationO ChapterO8OG
enderODiscriminationOO ChapterO9OSexualOHarass
ment
ChapterO10OSexualOOrientationOandOGenderOIdentityODiscriminationO ChapterO11OR
eligiousODiscrimination
ChapterO12OAgeODiscriminationO ChapterO13O
DisabilityODiscrimination
ChapterO14OTheOEmployee’sORightOtoOPrivacyOandOManagementOofOPersonal
Information
ChapterO15OLaborOLawO857
ChapterO16OSelectedOEmploymentOBenefitsOandOProtections
ChapterO1
, TheORegulationOofOEmployment
ChapterOObjective
TheOstudentOisOintroducedOtoOtheOregulatoryOenvironmentOofOtheOemploymentOrelationship.OTheO c
hapterOexaminesOwhetherOregulationOisOactuallyOnecessaryOorObeneficialOorOif,Operhaps,OtheO rel
ationshipOwouldOfareObetterOwithOlessOgovernmentalOintervention.OTheOconceptsOofO―freedom‖Ot
oO contractOinOtheOregulatoryOemploymentOenvironmentOandOnon-
competeOagreementsOareOdiscussed.O SinceOtheOregulationsOandOcaseOlawOdiscussedOinOthisOtextO
relyOonOanOindividual‘sOclassificationOasO anO employerOorOanOemployee,OthoseOdefinitionsOareOd
elineatedOandOexplored.
LearningOObjectives
(ClickOonOtheOiconOfollowingOtheOlearningOobjectiveOtoObeOlinkedOtoOtheOlocationOinOtheOoutlinewhere
OtheOchapterO addressesOthatOparticularOobjective.)
AtOtheOconclusionOofOthisOchapter,OtheOstudentsOshouldObeOableOto:
1. DescribeOtheObalanceObetweenOtheOfreedomOtoOcontractOandOtheOcurrentOregulat
oryO environmentOforOemployment.O
2. IdentifyOwhoOisOsubjectOtoOwhichOemploymentOlawsOandOunderstandOtheOimplicationOofOeach
ofO theseOlawsOforObothOtheOemployerOandOemployee.O
3. DelineateOtheOrisksOtoOtheOemployerOcausedObyOemployeeOmisclassification.O
4. ExplainOtheOdifferenceObetweenOandOemployeeOandOanOindependentOcontractorOandOtheO
testsO thatOhelpOusOinOthatOdetermination.O
5. ArticulateOtheOvariousOwaysOinOwhichOtheOconceptO―employer‖OisOdefinedObyOtheOvari
ousO employment-relatedOregulations.O
6. DescribeOtheOpermissibleOparametersOofOnon-competeOagreements.O
DetailedOChapterOOutline
Scenarios—PointsOforODiscussion
, ScenarioOOne:OThisOscenarioOoffersOanOopportunityOtoOreviewOtheOdistinctionsObetweenOanO empl
oyeeOandOanOindependentOcontractorOdiscussedOinOtheOchapterO(seeO―TheODefinitionOofO Employ
ee,‖OparticularlyOExhibitsO1.3–1.5).ODiscussOtheOIRSO20-
factorOanalysis,OasOitOappliesOtoO Dalia‘sOposition.OInOlightOofOtheOlowOlevelOofOcontrolOthatODaliaO
hadOoverOherOfeesOandOherOworkO process,OandOtheOlimitsOuponOherOchoiceOofOclients,OstudentsOsho
uldOcomeOtoOtheOconclusionOthatO DaliaOisOanOemployeeO(therefore,OeligibleOtoOfileOanOunemploy
mentOclaim),OratherOthanOanO independentOcontractor.
ScenarioOTwo:OSorayaOwouldOnotOhaveOaOcauseOofOactionOthatOwouldObeOrecognizedObyOtheOEE
OC.O ReviewOtheOsectionO―TheODefinitionOofO‗Employer‘‖OwithOstudents,OandOdiscussOtheOrationale
OthatO determinesOtheOstatusOofOaOsupervisorOvis-à-visOanti-
discriminationOlegislation.OBecauseOSorayaOisO Soraya‘sOsupervisor,OnotOherOemployer,OheOcanno
tObeOtheOtargetOofOanOEEOCOclaimOofOsexualO harassment.
CCC,OSoraya‘sOemployer,OwouldObeOvulnerableOtoOanOEEOCOclaimOifOtheOcompanyOlackedOorOfaile
dtoO followOaOsystemOforOemployeeOredressOofOdiscriminationOgrievances.OHowever,OinOthisOcase,O C
CCO appearsOtoOhaveOaOviableOanti-
discriminationOpolicyOthatOitOadheredOtoOdiligently;Oconsequently,OSorayaO wouldObeOunlikelyOtoOwi
nOaOdecisionOinOherOfavor.OTheOcourtOinOWilliamsOv.OBanningO(1995)OofferedOtheO followingOrational
eOforOitsOdecisionOinOaOsimilarOcase:
―SheOhasOanOemployerOwhoOwasOsensitiveOandOresponsiveOtoOherOcomplaint.OSheOcanOtake
O comfortOinOtheOknowledgeOthatOsheOcontinuesOtoOworkO forOthisOcompany,OwhileOherOharas
serO doesOnotOandOthatOtheOcompany'sOpromptOactionOisOlikelyOtoOdiscourageOotherOwouldO
beO harassers.OThisOisOpreciselyOtheOresultOTitleOVIIOwasOmeantOtoOachieve.‖
ScenarioOThree:OStudentsOshouldOdiscussOwhetherOorOnotOMyaOnon-
competeOagreementOisOlikelyOtobeO foundOreasonableObyOaOcourt,OandOelaborateOtheOaspectsOofOth
eOagreementOthatOMyaOmightOcontestOasO unreasonableO(seeOsectionObelow,O―CovenantsONotOtoOC
ompete‖).ODoesOMyaOhaveOaOpersuasiveO argumentOthatOtheOtermsOofOherOnon-
competeOagreementOareOunreasonableOinOscopeOorOduration?
MightOsheOhaveOgroundsOtoOclaimOthatOtheOagreementOprohibitsOherOfromOmakingOaO living?
GivenOtheOdiversityOofOstateOlawsOregulatingOnon-
competeOagreements,OdiscussOtheOrangeOofOlegalO restrictionsOthatOmightOapplyOtoOMya‘sOparticula
rOagreementOwithOherOemployer.OAsOanOemployeewhoO worksOacrossOseveralOstates,OMya‘sOdefens
eOmayOdependOuponOtheOpresence—andOspecificO language—
ofOaOforumOselectionOclauseOinOherOnon-
competeOagreement.OConsiderOwhatOlanguageO wouldObeOmoreOlikelyOtoOprovideONanOwithOaOstro
ngOdefenseOagainstOtheObreachOofOcontractOclaim.
MyaOmightOalsoOargueOthatOtheOcompany‘sOclientOlistOisOavailableOthroughOpublicOmeans,OandO th
erefore,OherOaccessOtoOthisOlistOshouldOnotObeOprohibited.
GeneralOLectureONoteOforOEmploymentOLawOCourse
InOorderOtoOteachOthisOcourse,OinstructorsOhaveOfoundOthatOstudentsOmustObeOmadeOtoOfeelOrelative
lyO comfortableOwithOtheirOpeers.OInstructorsOwillObeOaskingOtheOstudentsOtoObeOhonestOandOtoOsta
yOinO theirOtruth,OevenOatOtimesOwhenOtheyOfeelOthatOtheirOopinionOonOoneOofOtheseOmattersOwillOno
tObe
Edition, Dawn Bennett-Alexander, Chapters 1 - 16
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
O O
ChapterO1OTheORegulationOofOEmployment
ChapterO2OTheOEmploymentOLawOToolkit:OResourcesOforOUnderstandingOtheOLawO andORecurringOL
egalOConcepts
ChapterO3OTitleOVIIOofOtheOCivilORightsOActOofO1964
ChapterO4OLegalOConstructionOofOtheOEmploymentOEnvironmentO ChapterO5OAffirmati
veOAction
ChapterO6ORaceOandOColorODiscriminationO Chapt
erO7ONationalOOriginODiscriminationO ChapterO8OG
enderODiscriminationOO ChapterO9OSexualOHarass
ment
ChapterO10OSexualOOrientationOandOGenderOIdentityODiscriminationO ChapterO11OR
eligiousODiscrimination
ChapterO12OAgeODiscriminationO ChapterO13O
DisabilityODiscrimination
ChapterO14OTheOEmployee’sORightOtoOPrivacyOandOManagementOofOPersonal
Information
ChapterO15OLaborOLawO857
ChapterO16OSelectedOEmploymentOBenefitsOandOProtections
ChapterO1
, TheORegulationOofOEmployment
ChapterOObjective
TheOstudentOisOintroducedOtoOtheOregulatoryOenvironmentOofOtheOemploymentOrelationship.OTheO c
hapterOexaminesOwhetherOregulationOisOactuallyOnecessaryOorObeneficialOorOif,Operhaps,OtheO rel
ationshipOwouldOfareObetterOwithOlessOgovernmentalOintervention.OTheOconceptsOofO―freedom‖Ot
oO contractOinOtheOregulatoryOemploymentOenvironmentOandOnon-
competeOagreementsOareOdiscussed.O SinceOtheOregulationsOandOcaseOlawOdiscussedOinOthisOtextO
relyOonOanOindividual‘sOclassificationOasO anO employerOorOanOemployee,OthoseOdefinitionsOareOd
elineatedOandOexplored.
LearningOObjectives
(ClickOonOtheOiconOfollowingOtheOlearningOobjectiveOtoObeOlinkedOtoOtheOlocationOinOtheOoutlinewhere
OtheOchapterO addressesOthatOparticularOobjective.)
AtOtheOconclusionOofOthisOchapter,OtheOstudentsOshouldObeOableOto:
1. DescribeOtheObalanceObetweenOtheOfreedomOtoOcontractOandOtheOcurrentOregulat
oryO environmentOforOemployment.O
2. IdentifyOwhoOisOsubjectOtoOwhichOemploymentOlawsOandOunderstandOtheOimplicationOofOeach
ofO theseOlawsOforObothOtheOemployerOandOemployee.O
3. DelineateOtheOrisksOtoOtheOemployerOcausedObyOemployeeOmisclassification.O
4. ExplainOtheOdifferenceObetweenOandOemployeeOandOanOindependentOcontractorOandOtheO
testsO thatOhelpOusOinOthatOdetermination.O
5. ArticulateOtheOvariousOwaysOinOwhichOtheOconceptO―employer‖OisOdefinedObyOtheOvari
ousO employment-relatedOregulations.O
6. DescribeOtheOpermissibleOparametersOofOnon-competeOagreements.O
DetailedOChapterOOutline
Scenarios—PointsOforODiscussion
, ScenarioOOne:OThisOscenarioOoffersOanOopportunityOtoOreviewOtheOdistinctionsObetweenOanO empl
oyeeOandOanOindependentOcontractorOdiscussedOinOtheOchapterO(seeO―TheODefinitionOofO Employ
ee,‖OparticularlyOExhibitsO1.3–1.5).ODiscussOtheOIRSO20-
factorOanalysis,OasOitOappliesOtoO Dalia‘sOposition.OInOlightOofOtheOlowOlevelOofOcontrolOthatODaliaO
hadOoverOherOfeesOandOherOworkO process,OandOtheOlimitsOuponOherOchoiceOofOclients,OstudentsOsho
uldOcomeOtoOtheOconclusionOthatO DaliaOisOanOemployeeO(therefore,OeligibleOtoOfileOanOunemploy
mentOclaim),OratherOthanOanO independentOcontractor.
ScenarioOTwo:OSorayaOwouldOnotOhaveOaOcauseOofOactionOthatOwouldObeOrecognizedObyOtheOEE
OC.O ReviewOtheOsectionO―TheODefinitionOofO‗Employer‘‖OwithOstudents,OandOdiscussOtheOrationale
OthatO determinesOtheOstatusOofOaOsupervisorOvis-à-visOanti-
discriminationOlegislation.OBecauseOSorayaOisO Soraya‘sOsupervisor,OnotOherOemployer,OheOcanno
tObeOtheOtargetOofOanOEEOCOclaimOofOsexualO harassment.
CCC,OSoraya‘sOemployer,OwouldObeOvulnerableOtoOanOEEOCOclaimOifOtheOcompanyOlackedOorOfaile
dtoO followOaOsystemOforOemployeeOredressOofOdiscriminationOgrievances.OHowever,OinOthisOcase,O C
CCO appearsOtoOhaveOaOviableOanti-
discriminationOpolicyOthatOitOadheredOtoOdiligently;Oconsequently,OSorayaO wouldObeOunlikelyOtoOwi
nOaOdecisionOinOherOfavor.OTheOcourtOinOWilliamsOv.OBanningO(1995)OofferedOtheO followingOrational
eOforOitsOdecisionOinOaOsimilarOcase:
―SheOhasOanOemployerOwhoOwasOsensitiveOandOresponsiveOtoOherOcomplaint.OSheOcanOtake
O comfortOinOtheOknowledgeOthatOsheOcontinuesOtoOworkO forOthisOcompany,OwhileOherOharas
serO doesOnotOandOthatOtheOcompany'sOpromptOactionOisOlikelyOtoOdiscourageOotherOwouldO
beO harassers.OThisOisOpreciselyOtheOresultOTitleOVIIOwasOmeantOtoOachieve.‖
ScenarioOThree:OStudentsOshouldOdiscussOwhetherOorOnotOMyaOnon-
competeOagreementOisOlikelyOtobeO foundOreasonableObyOaOcourt,OandOelaborateOtheOaspectsOofOth
eOagreementOthatOMyaOmightOcontestOasO unreasonableO(seeOsectionObelow,O―CovenantsONotOtoOC
ompete‖).ODoesOMyaOhaveOaOpersuasiveO argumentOthatOtheOtermsOofOherOnon-
competeOagreementOareOunreasonableOinOscopeOorOduration?
MightOsheOhaveOgroundsOtoOclaimOthatOtheOagreementOprohibitsOherOfromOmakingOaO living?
GivenOtheOdiversityOofOstateOlawsOregulatingOnon-
competeOagreements,OdiscussOtheOrangeOofOlegalO restrictionsOthatOmightOapplyOtoOMya‘sOparticula
rOagreementOwithOherOemployer.OAsOanOemployeewhoO worksOacrossOseveralOstates,OMya‘sOdefens
eOmayOdependOuponOtheOpresence—andOspecificO language—
ofOaOforumOselectionOclauseOinOherOnon-
competeOagreement.OConsiderOwhatOlanguageO wouldObeOmoreOlikelyOtoOprovideONanOwithOaOstro
ngOdefenseOagainstOtheObreachOofOcontractOclaim.
MyaOmightOalsoOargueOthatOtheOcompany‘sOclientOlistOisOavailableOthroughOpublicOmeans,OandO th
erefore,OherOaccessOtoOthisOlistOshouldOnotObeOprohibited.
GeneralOLectureONoteOforOEmploymentOLawOCourse
InOorderOtoOteachOthisOcourse,OinstructorsOhaveOfoundOthatOstudentsOmustObeOmadeOtoOfeelOrelative
lyO comfortableOwithOtheirOpeers.OInstructorsOwillObeOaskingOtheOstudentsOtoObeOhonestOandOtoOsta
yOinO theirOtruth,OevenOatOtimesOwhenOtheyOfeelOthatOtheirOopinionOonOoneOofOtheseOmattersOwillOno
tObe