lOMoARcPSD|4400775
Exam 4 spring 2018 key
Animal Physiology (Louisiana Tech University)
StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by Alexa Martinez ()
, lOMoARcPSD|4400775
BISC 320 Animal Physiology Exam 3 Name_____________________
All written answers should be in complete sentences. Use precise language; I will not guess your meaning. Write
legibly, if illegible, then it will be marked as incorrect.
Part A: Short answer (4pts each)
(A, 2pts) Define/describe and (B, 2pts) give the significance of 10 of the following 12 terms: (Note: if you
answer all, then I will grade the first 10 and ignore the rest; in other words, only answer the 10 you want me to
grade).
Hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system: is a network of capillaries between the hypothalamus and the
anterior pituitary gland. The neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus release inhibiting (IH) and releasing (RH)
hormones into these capillaries where they travel directly to the anterior pituitary to influence the production of
hormones of that gland. It is important because the IH & RH hormones to get to the anterior pituitary quickly
because of this direct link. It also allows the hypothalamus to have precise control over when hormones of the
anterior pituitary are released.
Insulin dependent cells: are cells that require insulin to be able to take glucose into the cell. Insulin binds to
receptors on the surface of the cell and then glucose is able to enter. This is important because this is the only
way that these cells can get the glucose they need to make ATP. It is also important because this is a major
mechanism to keep blood glucose from getting too high (hyperglycemia).
Stressor: is something that can induce a stress response in an organism such as the sight of a predator or of
potential prey. A stressor is a stimulus that elicits the stress response of heightened alertness and release of EPI,
NE, & CORT. Stressors are important because animals must cope with them to expend energy efficiently and
survive in their changing environment. Also if animals did not have a stress response then they would get eaten
by the predator rather running away.
Primary sexual characteristic: are the gonads of males (testes) and females (ovaries) that produce sperm and
eggs. These are important because without them sexual reproduction would not be possible.
Pineal gland: is a gland in the brain that is regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus that releases melatonin
based on the amount of daylight. It is important for establishing sleep/wake cycles and balancing the sleep cycles
with seasons and day length changes.
Unihemispheric sleep: occurs when an animal sleeps with only one hemisphere of its brain at a time. This type
of sleep is important for animals that able to do this because they can remain alert to potential predators, regulate
breathing (dolphins rising to breathe), and migrate while gaining the advantages of restful sleep.
Troponin: is a protein found on the actin filament in striated muscle tissue that is connected to another protein
tropomyosin. When calcium binds to troponin it changes conformation moving the tropomyosin to expose
myosin binding sites on actin. This allows myosin heads to bind and for muscle contraction to occur. This is
important because it acts like the on/off switch for muscle contraction, without this mechanism we would be
unable to control when muscle contractions occur.
Isotonic eccentric contraction: is a type of skeletal muscle contraction that occurs when the muscle is elongated
due to an external force (such as antagonistic muscle pair contraction). This type of contraction is important
because it is used when decelerating a body part like carefully setting down a heavy load or slowing down with
control after running.
1
Downloaded by Alexa Martinez ()
Exam 4 spring 2018 key
Animal Physiology (Louisiana Tech University)
StuDocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by Alexa Martinez ()
, lOMoARcPSD|4400775
BISC 320 Animal Physiology Exam 3 Name_____________________
All written answers should be in complete sentences. Use precise language; I will not guess your meaning. Write
legibly, if illegible, then it will be marked as incorrect.
Part A: Short answer (4pts each)
(A, 2pts) Define/describe and (B, 2pts) give the significance of 10 of the following 12 terms: (Note: if you
answer all, then I will grade the first 10 and ignore the rest; in other words, only answer the 10 you want me to
grade).
Hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system: is a network of capillaries between the hypothalamus and the
anterior pituitary gland. The neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus release inhibiting (IH) and releasing (RH)
hormones into these capillaries where they travel directly to the anterior pituitary to influence the production of
hormones of that gland. It is important because the IH & RH hormones to get to the anterior pituitary quickly
because of this direct link. It also allows the hypothalamus to have precise control over when hormones of the
anterior pituitary are released.
Insulin dependent cells: are cells that require insulin to be able to take glucose into the cell. Insulin binds to
receptors on the surface of the cell and then glucose is able to enter. This is important because this is the only
way that these cells can get the glucose they need to make ATP. It is also important because this is a major
mechanism to keep blood glucose from getting too high (hyperglycemia).
Stressor: is something that can induce a stress response in an organism such as the sight of a predator or of
potential prey. A stressor is a stimulus that elicits the stress response of heightened alertness and release of EPI,
NE, & CORT. Stressors are important because animals must cope with them to expend energy efficiently and
survive in their changing environment. Also if animals did not have a stress response then they would get eaten
by the predator rather running away.
Primary sexual characteristic: are the gonads of males (testes) and females (ovaries) that produce sperm and
eggs. These are important because without them sexual reproduction would not be possible.
Pineal gland: is a gland in the brain that is regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus that releases melatonin
based on the amount of daylight. It is important for establishing sleep/wake cycles and balancing the sleep cycles
with seasons and day length changes.
Unihemispheric sleep: occurs when an animal sleeps with only one hemisphere of its brain at a time. This type
of sleep is important for animals that able to do this because they can remain alert to potential predators, regulate
breathing (dolphins rising to breathe), and migrate while gaining the advantages of restful sleep.
Troponin: is a protein found on the actin filament in striated muscle tissue that is connected to another protein
tropomyosin. When calcium binds to troponin it changes conformation moving the tropomyosin to expose
myosin binding sites on actin. This allows myosin heads to bind and for muscle contraction to occur. This is
important because it acts like the on/off switch for muscle contraction, without this mechanism we would be
unable to control when muscle contractions occur.
Isotonic eccentric contraction: is a type of skeletal muscle contraction that occurs when the muscle is elongated
due to an external force (such as antagonistic muscle pair contraction). This type of contraction is important
because it is used when decelerating a body part like carefully setting down a heavy load or slowing down with
control after running.
1
Downloaded by Alexa Martinez ()
