IB SEHS Exam Prep 2025 Questions
and Answers
long bones - ANSWER✔✔-longer than they are wide, long cylindrical shaft, ends are
enlarged, includes the femur, humerus, metatarsals, and phalanges
par-q - ANSWER✔✔-Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire: identifies people who
should not be tested in a field setting. Proceed with caution if a client answers yes to
one or more questions. May require physician clearance
par-q plus - ANSWER✔✔-
short bones - ANSWER✔✔-small, cube-shaped, usually articulate with more than one
bone, includes the tarsals and carpals
flat bones - ANSWER✔✔-curved surfaces, large area for muscles to attach, provide
protection, can be very thick/thin, includes the ribs, scapula, sternum
sesamoid bones - ANSWER✔✔-short bones embedded into tendon, places of high
pressure, include the patella (patella tendon/knee), and a set of smaller bones near the
metatarsals
,irregular bones - ANSWER✔✔-specialized shapes and functions, include the coccyx,
sacrum, mandible, and vertebrae
axial skeleton - ANSWER✔✔-central part of the skeleton, axis, contains 80 bones,
includes the skull, ribs, sternum, vertebral column, mainly functions to protect
appendicular skeleton - ANSWER✔✔-bones built off of the axis, 126 bones, used for
movement, energy storage, muscle attachment, calcium/phosphorous storage
articulate - ANSWER✔✔-to form a joint
tendon - ANSWER✔✔-connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
ligament - ANSWER✔✔-connective tissue that connects bone to bone
cartilage - ANSWER✔✔-reduces friction, absorbs shock, protects bones, layer of strong
protective tissue
posterior - ANSWER✔✔-behind
anterior - ANSWER✔✔-in front of
medial - ANSWER✔✔-near the midline
lateral - ANSWER✔✔-far from the midline, towards the sides
inferior - ANSWER✔✔-below
superior - ANSWER✔✔-above
,articular cartilage - ANSWER✔✔-cartilage that reduces friction, absorbs shock where
bones meet to form joints
synovial membrane - ANSWER✔✔-membrane that secretes fluid into joint cavity
synovial fluid - ANSWER✔✔-joint lubricant, very fluid with movement, reduces
friction, provides nutrients to the cartilage
bursae - ANSWER✔✔-fluid-filled sacs, where bone/ligaments meet, tendons/bones
meet, or skin/bone meet, lined by synovial membrane, reduces friction
meniscus - ANSWER✔✔-cushion-like fibrocartilage disk that is found between some
bones, particularly when they don't fit well, semi-lunar disk
articular capsule - ANSWER✔✔-sleeve-like structure, allows joint movement but
protects from dislocation, fibers protect joint
proximal - ANSWER✔✔-closer to the center of the body/attachment point
distal - ANSWER✔✔-farther from the center of the body/attachment point
epiphysis - ANSWER✔✔-the ending of the bone (proximal=closer to body's axis,
distal=farther from the body's axis)
order of vertebrae bones - ANSWER✔✔-cervical(7), thoracic(12), lumbar(5), sacral(5),
coccygeal (4)
, spongy bone - ANSWER✔✔-(found primarily in the epiphyses), branching, bony plates,
reduced weight, tissue with branching and interconnected spaces, also called cancellous
bone, storage center of red bone marrow
diaphysis - ANSWER✔✔-long shaft of the bone, made of compact bone, encloses the
medullary/marrow cavity
compact bone - ANSWER✔✔-tightly packed tissue, resists bending, solid, dense,
homogenous, strong
marrow cavity - ANSWER✔✔-also called medullary cavity, where yellow bone marrow
is stored (in diaphysis)
bone marrow - ANSWER✔✔-tissue that produces either blood cells, or stores lipids
periosteum - ANSWER✔✔-thin, shiny white membrane, outer lining of bone, important
for growth, repair, nutrition, and ligament/tendon attachment
fibrous joint - ANSWER✔✔-joint that has a layer of fibrous tissue connects the edges of
two bones, continuous with the periosteum, no movement allowed, as in the sutures
between the parts of the skull
cartilaginous joint - ANSWER✔✔-a disk of fibrocartilage or a thick layer of hyaline
cartilage separates bones (as in the ribs/sternum, and the vertebrae), limited movement
and Answers
long bones - ANSWER✔✔-longer than they are wide, long cylindrical shaft, ends are
enlarged, includes the femur, humerus, metatarsals, and phalanges
par-q - ANSWER✔✔-Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire: identifies people who
should not be tested in a field setting. Proceed with caution if a client answers yes to
one or more questions. May require physician clearance
par-q plus - ANSWER✔✔-
short bones - ANSWER✔✔-small, cube-shaped, usually articulate with more than one
bone, includes the tarsals and carpals
flat bones - ANSWER✔✔-curved surfaces, large area for muscles to attach, provide
protection, can be very thick/thin, includes the ribs, scapula, sternum
sesamoid bones - ANSWER✔✔-short bones embedded into tendon, places of high
pressure, include the patella (patella tendon/knee), and a set of smaller bones near the
metatarsals
,irregular bones - ANSWER✔✔-specialized shapes and functions, include the coccyx,
sacrum, mandible, and vertebrae
axial skeleton - ANSWER✔✔-central part of the skeleton, axis, contains 80 bones,
includes the skull, ribs, sternum, vertebral column, mainly functions to protect
appendicular skeleton - ANSWER✔✔-bones built off of the axis, 126 bones, used for
movement, energy storage, muscle attachment, calcium/phosphorous storage
articulate - ANSWER✔✔-to form a joint
tendon - ANSWER✔✔-connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
ligament - ANSWER✔✔-connective tissue that connects bone to bone
cartilage - ANSWER✔✔-reduces friction, absorbs shock, protects bones, layer of strong
protective tissue
posterior - ANSWER✔✔-behind
anterior - ANSWER✔✔-in front of
medial - ANSWER✔✔-near the midline
lateral - ANSWER✔✔-far from the midline, towards the sides
inferior - ANSWER✔✔-below
superior - ANSWER✔✔-above
,articular cartilage - ANSWER✔✔-cartilage that reduces friction, absorbs shock where
bones meet to form joints
synovial membrane - ANSWER✔✔-membrane that secretes fluid into joint cavity
synovial fluid - ANSWER✔✔-joint lubricant, very fluid with movement, reduces
friction, provides nutrients to the cartilage
bursae - ANSWER✔✔-fluid-filled sacs, where bone/ligaments meet, tendons/bones
meet, or skin/bone meet, lined by synovial membrane, reduces friction
meniscus - ANSWER✔✔-cushion-like fibrocartilage disk that is found between some
bones, particularly when they don't fit well, semi-lunar disk
articular capsule - ANSWER✔✔-sleeve-like structure, allows joint movement but
protects from dislocation, fibers protect joint
proximal - ANSWER✔✔-closer to the center of the body/attachment point
distal - ANSWER✔✔-farther from the center of the body/attachment point
epiphysis - ANSWER✔✔-the ending of the bone (proximal=closer to body's axis,
distal=farther from the body's axis)
order of vertebrae bones - ANSWER✔✔-cervical(7), thoracic(12), lumbar(5), sacral(5),
coccygeal (4)
, spongy bone - ANSWER✔✔-(found primarily in the epiphyses), branching, bony plates,
reduced weight, tissue with branching and interconnected spaces, also called cancellous
bone, storage center of red bone marrow
diaphysis - ANSWER✔✔-long shaft of the bone, made of compact bone, encloses the
medullary/marrow cavity
compact bone - ANSWER✔✔-tightly packed tissue, resists bending, solid, dense,
homogenous, strong
marrow cavity - ANSWER✔✔-also called medullary cavity, where yellow bone marrow
is stored (in diaphysis)
bone marrow - ANSWER✔✔-tissue that produces either blood cells, or stores lipids
periosteum - ANSWER✔✔-thin, shiny white membrane, outer lining of bone, important
for growth, repair, nutrition, and ligament/tendon attachment
fibrous joint - ANSWER✔✔-joint that has a layer of fibrous tissue connects the edges of
two bones, continuous with the periosteum, no movement allowed, as in the sutures
between the parts of the skull
cartilaginous joint - ANSWER✔✔-a disk of fibrocartilage or a thick layer of hyaline
cartilage separates bones (as in the ribs/sternum, and the vertebrae), limited movement
