IB SEHS Topic 1 +2 Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
axial skeleton - ANSWER✔✔-main function is to provide protection
appendicular skeleton - ANSWER✔✔-mostly involved in movement
four types of bone - ANSWER✔✔-long: most important bones for movement
short: articulate with more than one other bone
flat: provide protection and have broad surfaces for muscle attachment
irregular: specialized shapes and functions
structure of a long bone - ANSWER✔✔-
joint - ANSWER✔✔-where two or more bones come in contact or articulate with each
other; the main function is to increase mobility
different types of joints - ANSWER✔✔-fibrous: no movement (skull)
cartilaginous: bones are separated by fibrocartilage sic or by hyaline cartilage (spine)
synovial: most common joint and most important for mobility
, structure of a synovial joint - ANSWER✔✔-
different types of synovial joints - ANSWER✔✔-gliding: least movement (tarsals,
carpals)
hinge: flex/straighten in one direction (elbow)
pivot: one bone forms a ring and the other rolls or pivots allowing rotation (radioulnar
joint)
condyloid: allow for movement up and down/side to side (b/w radius and carpal)
saddle: movement up and down/side to side (metacarpal/carpal of thumb)
ball and socket: greatest mobility; can move in all directions (hip)
general characteristics of muscle tissue - ANSWER✔✔-contract/extend, elasticity,
atrophy, hypertrophy, controlled by nerve stimuli and fed by capilaries
different types of muscle - ANSWER✔✔-smooth: lines walls of blood vessels and
hollow organs
cardiac: involuntary control (heart muscle)
skeletal: move the skeleton; voluntary control
ankle dorsiflexion (3) - ANSWER✔✔-tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longues,
fibularus tertius
Questions and Answers
axial skeleton - ANSWER✔✔-main function is to provide protection
appendicular skeleton - ANSWER✔✔-mostly involved in movement
four types of bone - ANSWER✔✔-long: most important bones for movement
short: articulate with more than one other bone
flat: provide protection and have broad surfaces for muscle attachment
irregular: specialized shapes and functions
structure of a long bone - ANSWER✔✔-
joint - ANSWER✔✔-where two or more bones come in contact or articulate with each
other; the main function is to increase mobility
different types of joints - ANSWER✔✔-fibrous: no movement (skull)
cartilaginous: bones are separated by fibrocartilage sic or by hyaline cartilage (spine)
synovial: most common joint and most important for mobility
, structure of a synovial joint - ANSWER✔✔-
different types of synovial joints - ANSWER✔✔-gliding: least movement (tarsals,
carpals)
hinge: flex/straighten in one direction (elbow)
pivot: one bone forms a ring and the other rolls or pivots allowing rotation (radioulnar
joint)
condyloid: allow for movement up and down/side to side (b/w radius and carpal)
saddle: movement up and down/side to side (metacarpal/carpal of thumb)
ball and socket: greatest mobility; can move in all directions (hip)
general characteristics of muscle tissue - ANSWER✔✔-contract/extend, elasticity,
atrophy, hypertrophy, controlled by nerve stimuli and fed by capilaries
different types of muscle - ANSWER✔✔-smooth: lines walls of blood vessels and
hollow organs
cardiac: involuntary control (heart muscle)
skeletal: move the skeleton; voluntary control
ankle dorsiflexion (3) - ANSWER✔✔-tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longues,
fibularus tertius
