NUR 507 FINAL EXAM PRIORITY ONE (CORRECTLY ANSWERED)
UPDATED
1.The only way for a hormone to work is through the blood stream. - ANSWER False.
The endocrine cell can also secrete hormones that target cells directly close it. When this
occurs, this type of secretion is known as paracrine signaling.
2.Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cell's cytoplasm
- ANSWER True.
This statement is true. Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors
in the cell's cytoplasm.
3.The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - ANSWER True.
This statement is true. The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones
4.To be considered a lipid hormone, it must be bound to a protein and it must bind to receptors
inside the cell membrane - ANSWER False.
It must be bound to a protein and it bind to receptors on the cell membrane rather than inside
the cell membrane.
5.The pineal gland is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle - ANSWER True.
6.The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - ANSWER False.
The posterior pituitary receives its hormones (oxytocin and ADH) from the hypothalamus. The
anterior pituitary produces its own hormones.
7.Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. -
ANSWER This statement is true.
,8.Hyperthyroidism - ANSWER Elevated Thyroid Hormone
Suppressed TSH
Enlarged liver
Hand tremors
9.Hypothyroidism - ANSWER Decreased thyroid hormone and
Elevated TSH
Fatigue
Diminished deep tendon reflexes
10.Type 1 DM - ANSWER Onset 1<10-20 years
Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis
Symptoms: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
Autoimmune:Genetic and environmental factors, resulting in gradual process of autoimmune
destruction in genetically susceptible individuals
Nonautoimmune:Unknown
Strong association with HLA-DQA and HLA-DQB genes
acute complications: Diabetic ketoacidosis
11.Type 2 DM - ANSWER Usually > 40 years of age
Associated with hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Symptoms: weakness, weight loss, infections
Results from genetic susceptibility (polygenic) combined with environmental determinants and
other risk factors
Inherited defects in beta-cell mass and function combined with peripheral tissue insulin
resistance
Associated with long-duration obesity
strong genetic association
,Acute complications: Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
12.alpha cells - ANSWER responsible for secreting glucagon
13.beta cells - ANSWER responsible for secreting insulin and amylin
inhibits glucagon secretion
14.delta cells - ANSWER responsible for secreting gastrin and somatostatin
15.F (PP) Cells - ANSWER secrete pancreatic polypeptide that stimulates gastric secretions and
antagonizes cholecystokinin.
16.Criteria to diagnose Diabetes Type 1 and 2 - ANSWER FPG ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L). Fasting
is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 h*
OR
2-h PG ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during OGTT. The test should be performed as described by
the WHO, using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in
water*
OR
A1C ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). The test should be performed in a laboratory using a method that is
NGSP certified and standardized to the DCCT assay*
OR
In a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma
glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)
*In the absence of unequivocal hyperglycemia, diagnosis requires two abnormal test results
from the same sample or in two separate test samples
17.pre-screening for DM - ANSWER HbA1c (as measured in a DCCT-referenced assay) ≥6.5%
OR
, FPG ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L); fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hr.
OR
2-hr plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during an OGTT
OR
In a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma
glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)
18.Categories of Increased Risk for Diabetes (Prediabetes) - ANSWER 1. FPG 100 to 125 mg/dL
2. 2-hr PG in the range of 140 to 199 mg/dL during an OGTT
3. HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%
19.Symptoms of hypoglycemia can result from activation of the sympathetic nervous system to
cause neurogenic reactions that occur when the blood glucose drops rapidly: - ANSWER
Tachycardia
Palpitations
Diaphoresis
Tremors
Pallor
Arousal anxiety
Other symptoms include:
Headache
Dizziness
Blurred vision
Irritability
Fatigue
Poor judgement
Confusion
Hunger
UPDATED
1.The only way for a hormone to work is through the blood stream. - ANSWER False.
The endocrine cell can also secrete hormones that target cells directly close it. When this
occurs, this type of secretion is known as paracrine signaling.
2.Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cell's cytoplasm
- ANSWER True.
This statement is true. Lipid-derived hormones cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors
in the cell's cytoplasm.
3.The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - ANSWER True.
This statement is true. The anterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones
4.To be considered a lipid hormone, it must be bound to a protein and it must bind to receptors
inside the cell membrane - ANSWER False.
It must be bound to a protein and it bind to receptors on the cell membrane rather than inside
the cell membrane.
5.The pineal gland is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle - ANSWER True.
6.The posterior lobe of the pituitary produces its own hormones - ANSWER False.
The posterior pituitary receives its hormones (oxytocin and ADH) from the hypothalamus. The
anterior pituitary produces its own hormones.
7.Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. -
ANSWER This statement is true.
,8.Hyperthyroidism - ANSWER Elevated Thyroid Hormone
Suppressed TSH
Enlarged liver
Hand tremors
9.Hypothyroidism - ANSWER Decreased thyroid hormone and
Elevated TSH
Fatigue
Diminished deep tendon reflexes
10.Type 1 DM - ANSWER Onset 1<10-20 years
Associated with diabetic ketoacidosis
Symptoms: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
Autoimmune:Genetic and environmental factors, resulting in gradual process of autoimmune
destruction in genetically susceptible individuals
Nonautoimmune:Unknown
Strong association with HLA-DQA and HLA-DQB genes
acute complications: Diabetic ketoacidosis
11.Type 2 DM - ANSWER Usually > 40 years of age
Associated with hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Symptoms: weakness, weight loss, infections
Results from genetic susceptibility (polygenic) combined with environmental determinants and
other risk factors
Inherited defects in beta-cell mass and function combined with peripheral tissue insulin
resistance
Associated with long-duration obesity
strong genetic association
,Acute complications: Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
12.alpha cells - ANSWER responsible for secreting glucagon
13.beta cells - ANSWER responsible for secreting insulin and amylin
inhibits glucagon secretion
14.delta cells - ANSWER responsible for secreting gastrin and somatostatin
15.F (PP) Cells - ANSWER secrete pancreatic polypeptide that stimulates gastric secretions and
antagonizes cholecystokinin.
16.Criteria to diagnose Diabetes Type 1 and 2 - ANSWER FPG ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L). Fasting
is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 h*
OR
2-h PG ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during OGTT. The test should be performed as described by
the WHO, using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in
water*
OR
A1C ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). The test should be performed in a laboratory using a method that is
NGSP certified and standardized to the DCCT assay*
OR
In a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma
glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)
*In the absence of unequivocal hyperglycemia, diagnosis requires two abnormal test results
from the same sample or in two separate test samples
17.pre-screening for DM - ANSWER HbA1c (as measured in a DCCT-referenced assay) ≥6.5%
OR
, FPG ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L); fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hr.
OR
2-hr plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during an OGTT
OR
In a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemic crisis, a random plasma
glucose ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L)
18.Categories of Increased Risk for Diabetes (Prediabetes) - ANSWER 1. FPG 100 to 125 mg/dL
2. 2-hr PG in the range of 140 to 199 mg/dL during an OGTT
3. HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%
19.Symptoms of hypoglycemia can result from activation of the sympathetic nervous system to
cause neurogenic reactions that occur when the blood glucose drops rapidly: - ANSWER
Tachycardia
Palpitations
Diaphoresis
Tremors
Pallor
Arousal anxiety
Other symptoms include:
Headache
Dizziness
Blurred vision
Irritability
Fatigue
Poor judgement
Confusion
Hunger
