NU-126: Module V questions with verified answers
- 4 or more new ear infections within 1 year
- 2 or more serious sinus infections within 1 year
- 2 or more months on antibiotics with little effect
- 2 or more pneumonias within 1 year
- failure of an infant to gain weight or grow normally
- recurrent, deep skin or organ abscesses
- persistent thrush in mouth or fungal infection on skin
- need for IV antibiotics to clear infections
- 2 or more deep-seated infections during septicemia
- a family hx of primary immunodeficiency Ans✓✓✓ 10 warning signs
of primary immunodeficiency
- a cytotoxic reaction, which involves binding either the IgG or IgM
antibody to a cell-bound antigen, may lead to eventual cell and tissue
damage
- the reaction is the result of mistaken identity when the system
identifies a normal constituent of the body as foreign and activated the
complement cascade
- examples include myasthenia gravis, Goodpasture syndrome,
pernicious anemia, hemolytic disease of the newborn, transfusion
reaction, and thrombocytopenia
- antigen, RBC, IgG or IgM antibody, complement, lysis of RBC,
phagocytosis
,- immune system mistakenly identifies normal substances in the body
as being foreign, the body develops an autoimmune response to it
- can end up with autoimmune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune
hemolytic anemia, Rh disease in newborns
- can occur in minutes to hours
- primarily mediated by IgM or IgG Ans✓✓✓ hypersensitivity: type II
(cytotoxic reaction)
- age
- gender
- immunizations
- allergies
- lifestyle
- hx of infections
- presence of conditions or disorders (autoimmune disorders, cancer,
chronic illness)
- medications or transfusions, steroids Ans✓✓✓ factors that impact
the immune system:
- an anaphylactic reaction is characterized by vasodilation, increased
capillary permeability, smooth muscle contraction, and eosinophilia
- systemic reactions may involve laryngeal stridor, angioedema,
hypotension, and bronchial, GI, or uterine spasm
- local reactions are characterized by hives
, - examples include extrinsic asthma, allergic rhinitis, systemic
anaphylaxis, and reactions to insect stings
- allergen, IgE antibody, mast cell, release of vasoactive amines and
other mediators
- anaphylaxis: loss of consciousness, hives, swelling of tongue, inability
to swallow, rapid swelling of throat tissues
- known as anaphylactic reactions
- most severe of the types
- onset is rapid: within 15-30 minutes of exposure to the antigen
- reactions can be characterized by edema in many of the body tissues
(larynx, nasopharynx), hypotension, bronchospasms, and cardiac arrest
in severe cases
- symptoms vary depending on the al Ans✓✓✓ hypersensitivity: type I
(rapid/immediate reaction)
- an immune complex reaction is marked by acute inflammation
resulting from formation and deposition of immune complexes
- the joints and kidneys are particularly susceptible to this kind of
reaction, which is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, serum
sickness, nephritis, and rheumatoid arthritis
- some signs and symptoms include urticaria, joint pain, fever, rash, and
adenopathy (swollen glands)
- immune complexes formed in the blood when large amounts of
antigen bind to antibodies
- 4 or more new ear infections within 1 year
- 2 or more serious sinus infections within 1 year
- 2 or more months on antibiotics with little effect
- 2 or more pneumonias within 1 year
- failure of an infant to gain weight or grow normally
- recurrent, deep skin or organ abscesses
- persistent thrush in mouth or fungal infection on skin
- need for IV antibiotics to clear infections
- 2 or more deep-seated infections during septicemia
- a family hx of primary immunodeficiency Ans✓✓✓ 10 warning signs
of primary immunodeficiency
- a cytotoxic reaction, which involves binding either the IgG or IgM
antibody to a cell-bound antigen, may lead to eventual cell and tissue
damage
- the reaction is the result of mistaken identity when the system
identifies a normal constituent of the body as foreign and activated the
complement cascade
- examples include myasthenia gravis, Goodpasture syndrome,
pernicious anemia, hemolytic disease of the newborn, transfusion
reaction, and thrombocytopenia
- antigen, RBC, IgG or IgM antibody, complement, lysis of RBC,
phagocytosis
,- immune system mistakenly identifies normal substances in the body
as being foreign, the body develops an autoimmune response to it
- can end up with autoimmune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune
hemolytic anemia, Rh disease in newborns
- can occur in minutes to hours
- primarily mediated by IgM or IgG Ans✓✓✓ hypersensitivity: type II
(cytotoxic reaction)
- age
- gender
- immunizations
- allergies
- lifestyle
- hx of infections
- presence of conditions or disorders (autoimmune disorders, cancer,
chronic illness)
- medications or transfusions, steroids Ans✓✓✓ factors that impact
the immune system:
- an anaphylactic reaction is characterized by vasodilation, increased
capillary permeability, smooth muscle contraction, and eosinophilia
- systemic reactions may involve laryngeal stridor, angioedema,
hypotension, and bronchial, GI, or uterine spasm
- local reactions are characterized by hives
, - examples include extrinsic asthma, allergic rhinitis, systemic
anaphylaxis, and reactions to insect stings
- allergen, IgE antibody, mast cell, release of vasoactive amines and
other mediators
- anaphylaxis: loss of consciousness, hives, swelling of tongue, inability
to swallow, rapid swelling of throat tissues
- known as anaphylactic reactions
- most severe of the types
- onset is rapid: within 15-30 minutes of exposure to the antigen
- reactions can be characterized by edema in many of the body tissues
(larynx, nasopharynx), hypotension, bronchospasms, and cardiac arrest
in severe cases
- symptoms vary depending on the al Ans✓✓✓ hypersensitivity: type I
(rapid/immediate reaction)
- an immune complex reaction is marked by acute inflammation
resulting from formation and deposition of immune complexes
- the joints and kidneys are particularly susceptible to this kind of
reaction, which is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, serum
sickness, nephritis, and rheumatoid arthritis
- some signs and symptoms include urticaria, joint pain, fever, rash, and
adenopathy (swollen glands)
- immune complexes formed in the blood when large amounts of
antigen bind to antibodies
