TEST BANK x#
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Benjamin A. Pierce
x# x#
www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENTx# x#
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ...................................................................................................................... 3
x# x# x# x#
Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ........................................................................................ 15
x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity ............................................................................................................. 32
x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ........................................................................... 59
x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ............................................................... 98
x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation ................................................................................................................... 115
x# x# x#
Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems .............................................................................................. 139
x# x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ........................................................................................ 152
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination ............................................................................................ 181
x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ......................................................... 198
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 11:x# From DNA to Proteins: Translation ............................................................................................... 224
x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 12:x# Control of Gene Expression ............................................................................................................ 244
x# x# x# x#
Chapter 13:x# Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair.......................................................... 278
x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 14:x# x# Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ............................................................................ 298
x# x# x# x#
Chapter 15:x# Genomics and Proteomics ............................................................................................................... 314
x# x# x#
Chapter 16:x# Cancer Genetics ............................................................................................................................... 332
x# x#
Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ...................................................................................................................... 346
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Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics............................................................................................ 366
x# x# x# x# x#
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,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
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1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. Howev
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
er, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in t
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
erms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produc
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Als
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
o, the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures a
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
lbinos are seen as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Ther
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
efore, in most populations the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
frequency or are kept at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. Howev
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
er, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in t
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
erms of natural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of lead
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ership. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the commun
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ity.
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity t
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
o sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. Thi
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
s allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, th
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
as strongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
is INCORRECT?
# x#
a. evolution—population genetics x#
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
x# x#
c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
x# x# x#
d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics x# x# x# x# x#
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics x# x# x# x# x#
ANSWER: e x#
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles x# x# x# x#
b. mechanism of DNA replication x# x# x#
c. gene expression patterns x# x#
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids x# x# x# x#
ANSWER: a x#
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d x#
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structura
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
lly and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
x# x# x# x# x# x#
c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
of Species.
x#
d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANSWER: d x#
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximate
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ly 10,000 and 12,000 years ago.
x# x# x# x# x#
b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage of melanin.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANSWER: d x#
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
x# x# x#
b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
x# x# x# x#
c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
x# x# x#
d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
x# x# x#
e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
x# x# x#
ANSWER: c
x# x#
9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
of inheritance?
x# x#
a. fruit flies x#
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b x#
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap with the
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
www.PlusBay.Plus
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Benjamin A. Pierce
x# x#
www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE OF CONTENTx# x#
Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics ...................................................................................................................... 3
x# x# x# x#
Chapter 02: Chromosomes and Cellular Reproduction ........................................................................................ 15
x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 03: Basic Principles of Heredity ............................................................................................................. 32
x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 04: Extensions and Modifications of Basic Principles ........................................................................... 59
x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 05: Linkage, Recombination, and Eukaryotic Gene Mapping ............................................................... 98
x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 06: Chromosome Variation ................................................................................................................... 115
x# x# x#
Chapter 07: Bacterial and Viral Genetic Systems .............................................................................................. 139
x# x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 08 DNA: The Chemical Nature of the Gene ........................................................................................ 152
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 09: DNA Replication and Recombination ............................................................................................ 181
x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 10: From DNA to Proteins: Transcription and RNA Processing ......................................................... 198
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 11:x# From DNA to Proteins: Translation ............................................................................................... 224
x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 12:x# Control of Gene Expression ............................................................................................................ 244
x# x# x# x#
Chapter 13:x# Gene Mutations, Transposable Elements, and DNA Repair.......................................................... 278
x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Chapter 14:x# x# Molecular Genetic Analysis and Biotechnology ............................................................................ 298
x# x# x# x#
Chapter 15:x# Genomics and Proteomics ............................................................................................................... 314
x# x# x#
Chapter 16:x# Cancer Genetics ............................................................................................................................... 332
x# x#
Chapter 17: Quantitative Genetics ...................................................................................................................... 346
x# x# x#
Chapter 18: Population and Evolutionary Genetics............................................................................................ 366
x# x# x# x# x#
www.PlusBay.Plus
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Genetics
x# x# x# x#
1. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. Howev
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
er, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in t
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
erms of natural selection why albinism is so rare in most human populations.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANSWER: In most populations, there is fairly strong selection against albinism because albinos don’t produc
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e melanin, causing their skin cells not to be protected from the damaging effects of sunlight. Als
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
o, the lack of melanin in their eyes causes them to have poor eyesight. Finally, in most cultures a
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
lbinos are seen as abnormal, and they are not normally sought out for marriage and mating. Ther
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
efore, in most populations the alleles that cause albinism are selected against, and they decrease in
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
frequency or are kept at a low level, causing the recessive trait to be rare.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
2. Albinism is rare in most human populations, occurring at a frequency of about 1 in 20,000 people. Howev
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
er, the trait occurs at a frequency of 1 in 200 in certain Hopi villages of Black Mesa in Arizona. Explain in t
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
erms of natural selection why the trait is so much more common among the Hopis of Black Mesa.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANSWER: Albinos occupy a privileged position among the Hopis of Black Mesa. In this culture, albinos
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
are viewed as especially pretty, clean, and intelligent, and they often occupy positions of lead
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ership. Albinos are celebrated in the villages as a sign of purity of Hopi blood in the commun
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ity.
Furthermore, albinos are often excused from normal male field labor because of their sensitivity t
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
o sunlight, causing them to be left behind in the village with the women during the daytime. Thi
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
s allows them extra mating opportunities compared to the other men of the village. Therefore, th
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e alleles that cause albinism are either selected for in this culture or at least not selected against
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
as strongly as in other cultures, allowing the trait to occur at a much higher frequency.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
3. Which one of the following pairings between the subdiscipline of genetics and the phenomenon
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
is INCORRECT?
# x#
a. evolution—population genetics x#
b. gene regulation—molecular genetics
x# x#
c. allelic frequency alteration—population genetics
x# x# x#
d. arrangement of genes on chromosome—transmission genetics x# x# x# x# x#
e. chemical nature of the gene—transmission genetics x# x# x# x# x#
ANSWER: e x#
4. Which one of the following topics of research belongs to the discipline of transmission genetics?
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. inheritance pattern of gene alleles x# x# x# x#
b. mechanism of DNA replication x# x# x#
c. gene expression patterns x# x#
d. evolution
e. chemical modification of nucleic acids x# x# x# x#
ANSWER: a x#
5. The complete genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
www.PlusBay.Plus
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER: d x#
6. Identify a TRUE statement from the following descriptions concerning genetics.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. The theory of pangenesis states that all living organisms are composed of cells.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
b. Bacteria and viruses are not useful in studying genes and inheritance because they are structura
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
lly and metabolically different from eukaryotic cells.
x# x# x# x# x# x#
c. Charles Darwin accurately described the laws of inheritance in his landmark book, On the Origin
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
of Species.
x#
d. Many human traits, such as skin and hair color, are determined by more than a single gene.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e. Evolution can occur without genetic changes in the population.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANSWER: d x#
7. Identify a FALSE statement from the following descriptions of genetics.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. Humans first applied genetics to the domestication of plants and animals between approximate
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ly 10,000 and 12,000 years ago.
x# x# x# x# x#
b. Some viruses use RNA to carry their genetic information.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
c. Albinism results from a mutation in the genes that control the synthesis and storage of melanin.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
d. All human traits that display blending inheritance are affected by a single gene.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e. The process by which genetic information is copied and decoded is similar for all forms of life.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANSWER: d x#
8. Which of the following species is considered a model genetic organism?
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. the plant Linaria vulgaris
x# x# x#
b. the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus
x# x# x# x#
c. the worm Caenorhabditis elegans
x# x# x#
d. the frog Hyla chrysoscelis
x# x# x#
e. the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes
x# x# x#
ANSWER: c
x# x#
9. Which of the following would serve the LEAST well as a model for understanding basic mechanisms
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
of inheritance?
x# x#
a. fruit flies x#
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER: b x#
10. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. Each subdiscipline of genetics is very specific as to what is explored and does not overlap with the
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
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