5/15/25, 5:43 PM 2025 NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED) 2025 LAT…
2025 NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM
TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (A+ GRADED
100% VERIFIED) 2025 LATEST!!
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Terms in this set (469)
Gastric acid secretion by *acetycholine, histamine, gastrin
parietal cells of the
gastric mucosa are
stimulated by
Receptor-mediated *the activation of protein kinases, which in
binding of acetylcholine, turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase
histamine, or gastrin (ATPase) proton pump
results in
Gastrin and acetylcholine histamine
stimulate release of
receptor binding of gastric acid production
prostaglandin E2 and
somatostatin diminish
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weak bases that react with gastric acid to
form water and a salt → diminishing gastric acidity
Reduce pepsin activity - pepsin inactive at a pH >4
Wide variety* in chemical composition, acid-
neutralizing capacity, sodium content, palatability,
Antacids
and price
Acid neutralizing ability* of an antacid depends on
its capacity to neutralize gastric HCl and on whether
the stomach is full or empty
• food delays stomach emptying, allowing more
time for the antacid to react
• Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
• May promote healing of duodenal ulcers, but not
Therapeutic uses of robust evidence for efficacy in Tx of acute gastric
antacids ulcers
• Calcium carbonate preparations
• also used as calcium supplements for the
treatment of osteoporosis
Classes
• Calcium salts: calcium carbonate: Tums/Rolaids
• Sodium bicarbonate: Alka-Seltzer
• Aluminum salts - Aluminum hydroxide: Amphojel;
Aluminum carbonate: Basaljel
Commonly used antacid • Magnesium salts/ magnesium oxide: Milk of
drugs Magnesia
• Combination products
• Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide
(Maalox, Mylanta)
• Alginic acid, magnesium trisilicate, calcium stearate
(Gaviscon)
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• Aluminum hydroxide tends to be constipating
• Magnesium hydroxide tends to cause diarrhea
• Binding of phosphate by aluminum-containing
antacids → hypophosphatemia
Adverse effects of • Sodium bicarbonate → belching and flatulence,
antacids potential for systemic alkalosis
• Sodium content of antacids → can be important in
pts w/ HTN or CHF
• Excessive intake of calcium carbonate along w/
calcium foods → hypercalcemia
Cytoprotective compounds
Mucosal Protective
Sucralfate
Agents
Bismuth Compounds
enhance mucosal protection
Cytoprotective
mechanisms → preventing mucosal injury, ↓
Compounds
inflammation, promotes healing of existing ulcers
complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated
sucrose
• Small, poorly soluble molecule
• Polymerizes in stomach acid → binds to injured
tissue, forms physical barrier coating over ulcer
bed- impairs diffusion of HCl and prevents
degradation of mucus by pepsin and acid
• Accelerates healing of peptic ulcers and ↓
recurrence rate
• Stimulates prostaglandin release, mucus and
Sucralfate
bicarbonate output
• *BIG drawback.... Must be taken qid• used in long-
term maintenance therapy to prevent recurrence
• Requires an acidic pH for activation -should not be
administered with H2 antagonists or antacids
• Little of the drug is absorbed systemically, very
well tolerated
• Can interfere w/ absorption of other drugs by
binding to them
• Does not prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
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, 5/15/25, 5:43 PM 2025 NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED) 2025 LAT…
• Coats ulcers → protective layer against acid and
pepsin
• May stimulate prostaglandin, mucus, and
bicarbonate secretion
Bismuth Compounds • Antimicrobial effect- binds enterotoxins
• reduces stool frequency & liquidity in acute
infectious diarrhea
• Causes black stools- harmless
• Avoid in renal insufficiency
- antacids that contain magnesium in patients with
In geriatric patients avoid renal failure
use of - sodium-containing antacids because of fluid
retention
Antacids in Pediatrics Safety not established in children
Antacids during No FDA category established, although antacids
pregnancy and lactation generally are considered safe for use in pregnancy
Histamine-2 receptor antagonists
Antisecretory agents
Proton pump inhibitors
Examples of Histamine-2 ranitidine, *cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine
receptor antagonists
• omeprazole, esomeprazole
Examples of Proton
• Lansoprazole, pantoprazole
pump inhibitors
• rabeprazole
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2025 NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM
TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (A+ GRADED
100% VERIFIED) 2025 LATEST!!
Save
Terms in this set (469)
Gastric acid secretion by *acetycholine, histamine, gastrin
parietal cells of the
gastric mucosa are
stimulated by
Receptor-mediated *the activation of protein kinases, which in
binding of acetylcholine, turn stimulates the H+/K+-adenosine triphosphatase
histamine, or gastrin (ATPase) proton pump
results in
Gastrin and acetylcholine histamine
stimulate release of
receptor binding of gastric acid production
prostaglandin E2 and
somatostatin diminish
https://quizlet.com/1044452472/2025-nurs8024-pharm-exam-1-actual-exam-test-questions-answers-a-graded-100-verified-2025-latest-flash-car… 1/81
,5/15/25, 5:43 PM 2025 NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED) 2025 LAT…
weak bases that react with gastric acid to
form water and a salt → diminishing gastric acidity
Reduce pepsin activity - pepsin inactive at a pH >4
Wide variety* in chemical composition, acid-
neutralizing capacity, sodium content, palatability,
Antacids
and price
Acid neutralizing ability* of an antacid depends on
its capacity to neutralize gastric HCl and on whether
the stomach is full or empty
• food delays stomach emptying, allowing more
time for the antacid to react
• Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
• May promote healing of duodenal ulcers, but not
Therapeutic uses of robust evidence for efficacy in Tx of acute gastric
antacids ulcers
• Calcium carbonate preparations
• also used as calcium supplements for the
treatment of osteoporosis
Classes
• Calcium salts: calcium carbonate: Tums/Rolaids
• Sodium bicarbonate: Alka-Seltzer
• Aluminum salts - Aluminum hydroxide: Amphojel;
Aluminum carbonate: Basaljel
Commonly used antacid • Magnesium salts/ magnesium oxide: Milk of
drugs Magnesia
• Combination products
• Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide
(Maalox, Mylanta)
• Alginic acid, magnesium trisilicate, calcium stearate
(Gaviscon)
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,5/15/25, 5:43 PM 2025 NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED) 2025 LAT…
• Aluminum hydroxide tends to be constipating
• Magnesium hydroxide tends to cause diarrhea
• Binding of phosphate by aluminum-containing
antacids → hypophosphatemia
Adverse effects of • Sodium bicarbonate → belching and flatulence,
antacids potential for systemic alkalosis
• Sodium content of antacids → can be important in
pts w/ HTN or CHF
• Excessive intake of calcium carbonate along w/
calcium foods → hypercalcemia
Cytoprotective compounds
Mucosal Protective
Sucralfate
Agents
Bismuth Compounds
enhance mucosal protection
Cytoprotective
mechanisms → preventing mucosal injury, ↓
Compounds
inflammation, promotes healing of existing ulcers
complex of aluminum hydroxide and sulfated
sucrose
• Small, poorly soluble molecule
• Polymerizes in stomach acid → binds to injured
tissue, forms physical barrier coating over ulcer
bed- impairs diffusion of HCl and prevents
degradation of mucus by pepsin and acid
• Accelerates healing of peptic ulcers and ↓
recurrence rate
• Stimulates prostaglandin release, mucus and
Sucralfate
bicarbonate output
• *BIG drawback.... Must be taken qid• used in long-
term maintenance therapy to prevent recurrence
• Requires an acidic pH for activation -should not be
administered with H2 antagonists or antacids
• Little of the drug is absorbed systemically, very
well tolerated
• Can interfere w/ absorption of other drugs by
binding to them
• Does not prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
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, 5/15/25, 5:43 PM 2025 NURS8024 Pharm Exam 1 ACTUAL EXAM TEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED) 2025 LAT…
• Coats ulcers → protective layer against acid and
pepsin
• May stimulate prostaglandin, mucus, and
bicarbonate secretion
Bismuth Compounds • Antimicrobial effect- binds enterotoxins
• reduces stool frequency & liquidity in acute
infectious diarrhea
• Causes black stools- harmless
• Avoid in renal insufficiency
- antacids that contain magnesium in patients with
In geriatric patients avoid renal failure
use of - sodium-containing antacids because of fluid
retention
Antacids in Pediatrics Safety not established in children
Antacids during No FDA category established, although antacids
pregnancy and lactation generally are considered safe for use in pregnancy
Histamine-2 receptor antagonists
Antisecretory agents
Proton pump inhibitors
Examples of Histamine-2 ranitidine, *cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine
receptor antagonists
• omeprazole, esomeprazole
Examples of Proton
• Lansoprazole, pantoprazole
pump inhibitors
• rabeprazole
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