5/14/25, 10:38 PM NUR 641E Midterm
NURS 641E TEST BANK MIDTERM EXAM NEWEST VERSION WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
\\ACTUAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS ASSURED PASS
GRADED A+ \\BRAND NEW
CVA (risk factors) HTN, HLD, DM, Smoking, FHx CVA, Hx TIA/CVA, AFib
-sodium moves into cell (depolarization)
-threshold potential must be reached
action potential -potassium moves out of cell (repolarization)
-returns to resting potential by pumping sodium out of
cell and potassium back into cell
The minimum membrane potential that must be reached
threshold potential
in order for an action potential to be generated.
The minimum length of time after an action potential
absolute refractory period
during which another action potential cannot begin.
A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its
relative refractory period
normal polarized state and will fire again only if the
incoming message is much stronger than usual
-degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance
caseous necrosis
-associated with TB
-An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues
of the body, especially the lungs
-airborne
-caseous necrosis
-1/4 of world population infected -> leading cause of death d/t
tuberculosis
infectious disease
-high risk countries include Mexico, Phillippines, Gautamala, China,
Haiti, India
-congregate settings such as homeless shelters are high
risk, including for employees
-increased in the mid 90s d/t AIDS but have decreased since
2000s
1/1
0
, 5/14/25, 10:38 PM NUR 641E Midterm
An inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an
active metabolite by various biochemical reactions
Prodrug
once it is inside the body.
-Cytochrome P450
-Ex. Aspirin, psilocybin, heroin
the rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and
used
Bioavailability -Affected by route of administration and drug dosage
-Drug clearance (rate drug leaves circulation)
-Steady state concentration
-Affected by chemical stability, solubility, and first pass
stable level of drug in the body, occurs in 5 half lives of the drug
Steady state (of a drug) -rate of drug being added to system is equal to amount
being eliminated from system
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed
Pharmacokinetics within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
-what the body does to the drug
the fact that a medication in the GI tract passes through
First pass
the liver before entering other organs
does not bioequivalence does/does not affect bioavailability
Bioequivalence relative therapeutic effectiveness of chemically equivalent drugs.
-chemical instability
Bioavailability (is affected by) -solubility
-first pass metabolism
-enzymes that function to metabolize potentially toxic
compounds, including drugs and products of
endogenous metabolism such as bilirubin, principally in
Cytochrome P450 the liver.
-genetics influence presence of enzymes
-affects metabolism of warfarin, antidepressants, antiepileptics,
and statins.
-the levels of these drugs are higher when taken with
certain drugs that are inhibitors (ex. warfarin with
omeprazole) because there is competition for enzyme
metabolism.
-inducers lead to decreased plasma concentration of drug.
An inducer increases the metabolism of a substrate
cytochrome p450 inducer
resulting in a decreased level or effect of the
substrate
2/1
0
NURS 641E TEST BANK MIDTERM EXAM NEWEST VERSION WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
\\ACTUAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS ASSURED PASS
GRADED A+ \\BRAND NEW
CVA (risk factors) HTN, HLD, DM, Smoking, FHx CVA, Hx TIA/CVA, AFib
-sodium moves into cell (depolarization)
-threshold potential must be reached
action potential -potassium moves out of cell (repolarization)
-returns to resting potential by pumping sodium out of
cell and potassium back into cell
The minimum membrane potential that must be reached
threshold potential
in order for an action potential to be generated.
The minimum length of time after an action potential
absolute refractory period
during which another action potential cannot begin.
A period after firing when a neuron is returning to its
relative refractory period
normal polarized state and will fire again only if the
incoming message is much stronger than usual
-degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance
caseous necrosis
-associated with TB
-An infectious disease that may affect almost all tissues
of the body, especially the lungs
-airborne
-caseous necrosis
-1/4 of world population infected -> leading cause of death d/t
tuberculosis
infectious disease
-high risk countries include Mexico, Phillippines, Gautamala, China,
Haiti, India
-congregate settings such as homeless shelters are high
risk, including for employees
-increased in the mid 90s d/t AIDS but have decreased since
2000s
1/1
0
, 5/14/25, 10:38 PM NUR 641E Midterm
An inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an
active metabolite by various biochemical reactions
Prodrug
once it is inside the body.
-Cytochrome P450
-Ex. Aspirin, psilocybin, heroin
the rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and
used
Bioavailability -Affected by route of administration and drug dosage
-Drug clearance (rate drug leaves circulation)
-Steady state concentration
-Affected by chemical stability, solubility, and first pass
stable level of drug in the body, occurs in 5 half lives of the drug
Steady state (of a drug) -rate of drug being added to system is equal to amount
being eliminated from system
The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed
Pharmacokinetics within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
-what the body does to the drug
the fact that a medication in the GI tract passes through
First pass
the liver before entering other organs
does not bioequivalence does/does not affect bioavailability
Bioequivalence relative therapeutic effectiveness of chemically equivalent drugs.
-chemical instability
Bioavailability (is affected by) -solubility
-first pass metabolism
-enzymes that function to metabolize potentially toxic
compounds, including drugs and products of
endogenous metabolism such as bilirubin, principally in
Cytochrome P450 the liver.
-genetics influence presence of enzymes
-affects metabolism of warfarin, antidepressants, antiepileptics,
and statins.
-the levels of these drugs are higher when taken with
certain drugs that are inhibitors (ex. warfarin with
omeprazole) because there is competition for enzyme
metabolism.
-inducers lead to decreased plasma concentration of drug.
An inducer increases the metabolism of a substrate
cytochrome p450 inducer
resulting in a decreased level or effect of the
substrate
2/1
0
