BASIC DYSRHYTHMIA-RELIAS EXAM 2025 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS (GRADE A+).

BASIC DYSRHYTHMIA-RELIAS EXAM
2025 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
(GRADE A+)




normal sinus rhythm - correct answers heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at
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rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute
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1 Sinus Arrhythmia - correct answers Appearance is ALMOST NORMAL:
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Respiratory - Circulatory interaction 1 1 1




Rate INCREASES with INSPIRATION (IN=IN)
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1 Sinus Bradycardia - correct answers <60
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normal sinus rhythm 1 1




1 Sinus Tachycardia - correct answers >100 (100-150)
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normal sinus rhythm 1 1




1 Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) - correct answers Heart Rate: Depends on underlying rhythm
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, Regularity: Interrupts the regularity of underlying rhythm 1 1 1 1 1 1




P-Wave: can be flattened, notched, or unusual. May be hidden within the T wave
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PRI: measures between .12-.20 seconds and can be prolonged; can be different from other complexes
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QRS: <.12 seconds 1 1




1 Sinus Arrest/Pause - correct answers - SA node doesn't fire
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- notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed cycle)
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length of pause ≠ multiple of normal rate (block)
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Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) - correct answers an irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from
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abnormal conduction in the atria 1 1 1 1




Atrial Flutter - correct answers irregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3
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to 1 block"
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1 Junctional Rhythm - correct answers 40-60 Regular! 1 1 1 1 1 1




-impulse from AV node w/ retro/antegrade transmission 1 1 1 1 1 1




- P wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
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- slow rate
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- narrow QRS (not wide like ventricular)
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1 Junctional Tachycardia - correct answers >60 bpm (ms. K; 150-250) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1




- KEY: will be regular (consistent)
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- AV junction produces a rapid sequence of QRS-T cycles
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- p-wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
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1 Premature Junctional Contraction - correct answers Inverted p wave or hidden p wave 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1




PRI<0.12 or none 1 1




Normal QRS 1