PNB 2250- Core Temperature Regulation| QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
VERIFIED| LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+
TC and metabolism -Endotherms- core temperature and metabolism are linked, provides
heat to maintain core temperature
Ectotherms- Metabolism increases with external core temperature (sitting in the sun to warm
up on a cold day)
-Neural processes to sense TC
Examples Alligators- Different (solid lines) than predicted for randomly moving animals
-cooler in summer, warmer in winter--> thermoregulation
Animal activity More active-> less tolerant
Less active-> more tolerant
Hardiness- genetic based thermostat, alternative gene expression
Intertidal animals--> wide temperature extremes
Arctic animals- low tolerance
Ants- have high tolerance
Optimal T - temperature at which their physiological systems work best, does NOT have to
be core temperature (21 degrees is optimal, instead of 37)
-genetic, physiological, and behavior system to adjust their body temperature
-Animals expand energy to survive outside optimal area
-extreme temperatures are lethal
Heating Sources -Metabolic--> Brown adipose tissues, activity
- Environmental--> Conduction, convection, radiation
, Cooling Sources Metabolic--> Reduction in activity, estivation, sweating
Environmental--> Conduction, convection, and radiation
Consequences •Heterotherms operate at peak efficiency only at an
optimal T°
◦ This affects all aspects of life
◦ Can tolerate wider T° extremes
•Homeotherms operate at peak efficiency at a wider
range of T°
◦ Requires much greater sophistication and expenditure of
energy
Lethal Temperature -There is a temperature at least 50% of which animals die,
approximately 6 degrees above or below the core temperature
- Not an absolute advantage- evolutionary, adaptable
-Affected by prior exposure, elicits genetic changes
-affected by environment
Protein Denaturation -possible cause of lethal temperature
-Protein denaturation- irreversible alteration of protein structure
-Some proteins do denature at high temperatures
-Thermal denaturation is unlikely at 6 degrees celsius
Enzyme inactivation -possible cause of lethal temperature
-Q10
VERIFIED| LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+
TC and metabolism -Endotherms- core temperature and metabolism are linked, provides
heat to maintain core temperature
Ectotherms- Metabolism increases with external core temperature (sitting in the sun to warm
up on a cold day)
-Neural processes to sense TC
Examples Alligators- Different (solid lines) than predicted for randomly moving animals
-cooler in summer, warmer in winter--> thermoregulation
Animal activity More active-> less tolerant
Less active-> more tolerant
Hardiness- genetic based thermostat, alternative gene expression
Intertidal animals--> wide temperature extremes
Arctic animals- low tolerance
Ants- have high tolerance
Optimal T - temperature at which their physiological systems work best, does NOT have to
be core temperature (21 degrees is optimal, instead of 37)
-genetic, physiological, and behavior system to adjust their body temperature
-Animals expand energy to survive outside optimal area
-extreme temperatures are lethal
Heating Sources -Metabolic--> Brown adipose tissues, activity
- Environmental--> Conduction, convection, radiation
, Cooling Sources Metabolic--> Reduction in activity, estivation, sweating
Environmental--> Conduction, convection, and radiation
Consequences •Heterotherms operate at peak efficiency only at an
optimal T°
◦ This affects all aspects of life
◦ Can tolerate wider T° extremes
•Homeotherms operate at peak efficiency at a wider
range of T°
◦ Requires much greater sophistication and expenditure of
energy
Lethal Temperature -There is a temperature at least 50% of which animals die,
approximately 6 degrees above or below the core temperature
- Not an absolute advantage- evolutionary, adaptable
-Affected by prior exposure, elicits genetic changes
-affected by environment
Protein Denaturation -possible cause of lethal temperature
-Protein denaturation- irreversible alteration of protein structure
-Some proteins do denature at high temperatures
-Thermal denaturation is unlikely at 6 degrees celsius
Enzyme inactivation -possible cause of lethal temperature
-Q10
