Certified In Public Health (Cph) Exam Prep Questions And Answers 2025/2026  

External Validity - ANSWERrefers to how well the outcome of a study can be expected to apply to other settings Ecological Study - ANSWERa study in which the units of analysis are populations or groups of people rather than individuals *Exposure Status: based on the population Con: Ecological Fallacy: makes assumptions about the individual based on finding at the level of the population Regression - ANSWERused to predict or estimate the value of one variable corresponding to a given value of another variable Relative Risk (RR) - ANSWERThe ratio of the incidence rate of a disease or health outcome in an exposed group to the incidence rate of the disease or condition in a non-exposed group..... A/(A+B)/ C/(C+D)... often used in cohort studies Mission of Public Health - ANSWERfulfill society interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy Case-Control Study - ANSWERA type of epidemiologic study where a group of individuals with the diseases, referred to as cases, are compared to individuals without the disease, referred to as controls (sampling based on outcome)...Disease is rare, has a long induction period and little is known about the disease cross-sectional study - ANSWERA study in which a representative cross section of the population is tested or surveyed at one specific time. Think "snapshot" ! Measure: Prevalence of Disease/Odds Ratio, Cons: Can not determine cause and effect