EXAM #3 DIABETES AND ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
*Question:*The nurse has been teaching a patient with diabetes mellitus how to
perform self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). During evaluation of the patient's
technique, the nurse identifies a need for additional teaching when the patient does
what?
A. Chooses a puncture site in the center of the finger pad.
B. Washes hands with soap and water to cleanse the site to be used.
C. Warms the finger before puncturing the finger to obtain a drop of blood.
D. Tells the nurse that the result of 110 mg/dL indicates good control of diabetes. -
ANSWER-Correct answer: *A*
The patient should select a site on the sides of the fingertips, not on the center of the
finger pad as this area contains many nerve endings and would be unnecessarily
painful. Washing hands, warming the finger, and knowing the results that indicate
good control all show understanding of the teaching.
*Question:*The nurse is assigned to the care of a 64-year-old patient diagnosed with
type 2 diabetes. In formulating a teaching plan that encourages the patient to actively
participate in management of the diabetes, what should be the nurse's initial
intervention?
A. Assess patient's perception of what it means to have diabetes.
B. Ask the patient to write down current knowledge about diabetes.
C. Set goals for the patient to actively participate in managing his diabetes.
D. Assume responsibility for all of the patient's care to decrease stress level. -
ANSWER-Correct answer: *A*
In order for teaching to be effective, the first step is to assess the patient. Teaching
can be individualized once the nurse is aware of what a diagnosis of diabetes means
to the patient. After the initial assessment, current knowledge can be assessed, and
goals should be set with the patient. Assuming responsibility for all of the patient's
care will not facilitate the patient's health.
*Question:*The nurse is evaluating a 45-year-old patient diagnosed with type 2
diabetes mellitus. Which symptom reported by the patient is considered one of the
classic clinical manifestations of diabetes?
A. Excessive thirst
B. Gradual weight gain
C. Overwhelming fatigue
D. Recurrent blurred vision - ANSWER-Correct answer: *A*
The classic symptoms of diabetes are polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria,
(excessive urine output), and polyphagia (increased hunger). Weight gain, fatigue,
, and blurred vision may all occur with type 2 diabetes, but are not classic
manifestations.
*Question:*A 51-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus is scheduled for a fasting
blood glucose level at 8:00 AM. The nurse instructs the patient to only drink water
after what time?
A. 6:00 PM on the evening before the test
B. Midnight before the test
C. 4:00 AM on the day of the test
D. 7:00 AM on the day of the test - ANSWER-Correct answer: *B*
Typically, a patient is ordered to be NPO for 8 hours before a fasting blood glucose
level. For this reason, the patient who has a lab draw at 8:00 AM should not have
any food or beverages containing any calories after midnight.
*Question:*The nurse is assisting a patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to
learn dietary planning as part of the initial management of diabetes. The nurse would
encourage the patient to limit intake of which foods to help reduce the percent of fat
in the diet?
A. Cheese
B. Broccoli
C. Chicken
D. Oranges - ANSWER-Correct answer: *A*
Cheese is a product derived from animal sources and is higher in fat and calories
than vegetables, fruit, and poultry. Excess fat in the diet is limited to help avoid
macrovascular changes.
*Question:*Laboratory results have been obtained for a 50-year-old patient with a
15-year history of type 2 diabetes. Which result reflects the expected pattern
accompanying macrovascular disease as a complication of diabetes?
A. Increased triglyceride levels
B. Increased high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
C. Decreased low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
D. Decreased very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) - ANSWER-Correct answer: *A*
Macrovascular complications of diabetes include changes to large- and medium-
sized blood vessels. They include cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and peripheral
vascular disease. Increased triglyceride levels are associated with these
macrovascular changes. Increased HDL, decreased LDL, and decreased VLDL are
positive in relation to atherosclerosis development.
*Question:*The nurse has taught a patient admitted with diabetes, cellulitis, and
osteomyelitis about the principles of foot care. The nurse evaluates that the patient
understands the principles of foot care if the patient makes what statement?
A. "I should only walk barefoot in nice dry weather."
B. "I should look at the condition of my feet every day."
C. "I am lucky my shoes fit so nice and tight because they give me firm support."
SYSTEM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
*Question:*The nurse has been teaching a patient with diabetes mellitus how to
perform self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). During evaluation of the patient's
technique, the nurse identifies a need for additional teaching when the patient does
what?
A. Chooses a puncture site in the center of the finger pad.
B. Washes hands with soap and water to cleanse the site to be used.
C. Warms the finger before puncturing the finger to obtain a drop of blood.
D. Tells the nurse that the result of 110 mg/dL indicates good control of diabetes. -
ANSWER-Correct answer: *A*
The patient should select a site on the sides of the fingertips, not on the center of the
finger pad as this area contains many nerve endings and would be unnecessarily
painful. Washing hands, warming the finger, and knowing the results that indicate
good control all show understanding of the teaching.
*Question:*The nurse is assigned to the care of a 64-year-old patient diagnosed with
type 2 diabetes. In formulating a teaching plan that encourages the patient to actively
participate in management of the diabetes, what should be the nurse's initial
intervention?
A. Assess patient's perception of what it means to have diabetes.
B. Ask the patient to write down current knowledge about diabetes.
C. Set goals for the patient to actively participate in managing his diabetes.
D. Assume responsibility for all of the patient's care to decrease stress level. -
ANSWER-Correct answer: *A*
In order for teaching to be effective, the first step is to assess the patient. Teaching
can be individualized once the nurse is aware of what a diagnosis of diabetes means
to the patient. After the initial assessment, current knowledge can be assessed, and
goals should be set with the patient. Assuming responsibility for all of the patient's
care will not facilitate the patient's health.
*Question:*The nurse is evaluating a 45-year-old patient diagnosed with type 2
diabetes mellitus. Which symptom reported by the patient is considered one of the
classic clinical manifestations of diabetes?
A. Excessive thirst
B. Gradual weight gain
C. Overwhelming fatigue
D. Recurrent blurred vision - ANSWER-Correct answer: *A*
The classic symptoms of diabetes are polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria,
(excessive urine output), and polyphagia (increased hunger). Weight gain, fatigue,
, and blurred vision may all occur with type 2 diabetes, but are not classic
manifestations.
*Question:*A 51-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus is scheduled for a fasting
blood glucose level at 8:00 AM. The nurse instructs the patient to only drink water
after what time?
A. 6:00 PM on the evening before the test
B. Midnight before the test
C. 4:00 AM on the day of the test
D. 7:00 AM on the day of the test - ANSWER-Correct answer: *B*
Typically, a patient is ordered to be NPO for 8 hours before a fasting blood glucose
level. For this reason, the patient who has a lab draw at 8:00 AM should not have
any food or beverages containing any calories after midnight.
*Question:*The nurse is assisting a patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes to
learn dietary planning as part of the initial management of diabetes. The nurse would
encourage the patient to limit intake of which foods to help reduce the percent of fat
in the diet?
A. Cheese
B. Broccoli
C. Chicken
D. Oranges - ANSWER-Correct answer: *A*
Cheese is a product derived from animal sources and is higher in fat and calories
than vegetables, fruit, and poultry. Excess fat in the diet is limited to help avoid
macrovascular changes.
*Question:*Laboratory results have been obtained for a 50-year-old patient with a
15-year history of type 2 diabetes. Which result reflects the expected pattern
accompanying macrovascular disease as a complication of diabetes?
A. Increased triglyceride levels
B. Increased high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
C. Decreased low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
D. Decreased very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) - ANSWER-Correct answer: *A*
Macrovascular complications of diabetes include changes to large- and medium-
sized blood vessels. They include cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and peripheral
vascular disease. Increased triglyceride levels are associated with these
macrovascular changes. Increased HDL, decreased LDL, and decreased VLDL are
positive in relation to atherosclerosis development.
*Question:*The nurse has taught a patient admitted with diabetes, cellulitis, and
osteomyelitis about the principles of foot care. The nurse evaluates that the patient
understands the principles of foot care if the patient makes what statement?
A. "I should only walk barefoot in nice dry weather."
B. "I should look at the condition of my feet every day."
C. "I am lucky my shoes fit so nice and tight because they give me firm support."
