ENDOCRINE SYSTEM REVIEW-A&P
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine - ANSWER-Increased heart rate, breathing rate,
elevated blood pressure (fight or flight, response to stress)
- People with severe life threatening allergies often carry injectors
Cortisol - ANSWER-Adrenal Cortex Hormone;
- Helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium, maintaining blood pressure
Adrenal Sex Hormones - ANSWER-Adrenal Cortex Hormones
androgens (male) and estrogens (female)
Cushing's syndrome - ANSWER-Adrenal Gland Disorder;
- Hypersecretion of cortisol
- Long term exposure to high levels of cortisol
- Round "moon" face and "buffalo hump"
Addison's disease - ANSWER-Adrenal Gland Disorder;
- Hyposecretion of cortisol
- Not enough hormones produced
- Low blood pressure results
- Increased pigmentation
Pancreas - ANSWER-- Large gland behind your stomach
- Helps to maintain healthy blood sugar (glucose) levels.
- Contains islands of cells called the Islets of Langerhans which secrete glucagon
and insulin
Hormones: Glucagon, and Insulin
Glucagon - ANSWER-Pancreas Hormone;
- Stimulates the liver to break down glycogen, raises blood sugar
Insulin - ANSWER-Pancreas Hormone;
- Decreases blood sugar, affects the uptake of glucose by cells
Glucagon and Insulin - ANSWER-Both hormones(__________ and _____________)
work together to maintain a balance in the blood sugar
Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER-Pancreatic Disorder;
- Results from an insulin deficiency, blood sugar rises (hyperglycemia), excess
excreted in the urine.
Type 1 Diabetes - ANSWER-Pancreas Disorder;
- Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile onset diabetes, often caused by
inherited immune disorder that destroys pancreatic cells
Type II Diabetes - ANSWER-Pancreas Disorder;
, -Mature onset diabetes (usually after the age of 40), often individuals are overweight,
can be controlled with diet and exercise
Blood Sugar Test - ANSWER-A test that uses a device that pricks the finger and
measures the amount of sugar in the blood
Hypoglycemia - ANSWER-This can occur if levels become too low, can be cured
with direct injection of glucose or with eating something high in sugar. This is why
diabetics often have candy.
Diabetes Insipidus - ANSWER-- A uncommon condition that occurs when the
kidneys are unable to conserve water as they perform their function of filtering blood.
- The amount of water conserved is controlled by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also
called vasopressin.
Symptoms:
- Excessive thirst
- May be intense or uncontrollable
- May involve a craving for ice water
- Excessive urine volume
Diabetic Neuropathies - ANSWER-Nerve disorders caused by diabetes, nerve
damage throughout the body. Symptoms include pain, tingling, or numbness-loss of
feeling-in the hands, arms, feet, and legs. This can result in wounds that are slow to
heal.
Pineal Gland - ANSWER-Located between the cerebral hemispheres, secretes
melatonin, important for maintaining Circadian rhythms (light and dark activity)
Reproductive Glands - ANSWER-testes and ovaries - testosterone, progesterone,
estrogen
Thymus Gland - ANSWER-Large in young children, gradually shrinks with age,
secretes thymosins, important to immune function
Anabolic steroids - ANSWER-This type of steroid is a artificially produced hormone
that are the same as, or similar to, androgens, the male-type sex hormones in the
body. There are more than 100 variations of anabolic steroids. The most powerful
androgen is testosterone.
Renin - ANSWER-An enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops,
also causes the release of aldosterone by triggering a series of reactions that form
angiotensin II, a potent stimulator of aldosterone release.
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine - ANSWER-Increased heart rate, breathing rate,
elevated blood pressure (fight or flight, response to stress)
- People with severe life threatening allergies often carry injectors
Cortisol - ANSWER-Adrenal Cortex Hormone;
- Helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium, maintaining blood pressure
Adrenal Sex Hormones - ANSWER-Adrenal Cortex Hormones
androgens (male) and estrogens (female)
Cushing's syndrome - ANSWER-Adrenal Gland Disorder;
- Hypersecretion of cortisol
- Long term exposure to high levels of cortisol
- Round "moon" face and "buffalo hump"
Addison's disease - ANSWER-Adrenal Gland Disorder;
- Hyposecretion of cortisol
- Not enough hormones produced
- Low blood pressure results
- Increased pigmentation
Pancreas - ANSWER-- Large gland behind your stomach
- Helps to maintain healthy blood sugar (glucose) levels.
- Contains islands of cells called the Islets of Langerhans which secrete glucagon
and insulin
Hormones: Glucagon, and Insulin
Glucagon - ANSWER-Pancreas Hormone;
- Stimulates the liver to break down glycogen, raises blood sugar
Insulin - ANSWER-Pancreas Hormone;
- Decreases blood sugar, affects the uptake of glucose by cells
Glucagon and Insulin - ANSWER-Both hormones(__________ and _____________)
work together to maintain a balance in the blood sugar
Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER-Pancreatic Disorder;
- Results from an insulin deficiency, blood sugar rises (hyperglycemia), excess
excreted in the urine.
Type 1 Diabetes - ANSWER-Pancreas Disorder;
- Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile onset diabetes, often caused by
inherited immune disorder that destroys pancreatic cells
Type II Diabetes - ANSWER-Pancreas Disorder;
, -Mature onset diabetes (usually after the age of 40), often individuals are overweight,
can be controlled with diet and exercise
Blood Sugar Test - ANSWER-A test that uses a device that pricks the finger and
measures the amount of sugar in the blood
Hypoglycemia - ANSWER-This can occur if levels become too low, can be cured
with direct injection of glucose or with eating something high in sugar. This is why
diabetics often have candy.
Diabetes Insipidus - ANSWER-- A uncommon condition that occurs when the
kidneys are unable to conserve water as they perform their function of filtering blood.
- The amount of water conserved is controlled by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also
called vasopressin.
Symptoms:
- Excessive thirst
- May be intense or uncontrollable
- May involve a craving for ice water
- Excessive urine volume
Diabetic Neuropathies - ANSWER-Nerve disorders caused by diabetes, nerve
damage throughout the body. Symptoms include pain, tingling, or numbness-loss of
feeling-in the hands, arms, feet, and legs. This can result in wounds that are slow to
heal.
Pineal Gland - ANSWER-Located between the cerebral hemispheres, secretes
melatonin, important for maintaining Circadian rhythms (light and dark activity)
Reproductive Glands - ANSWER-testes and ovaries - testosterone, progesterone,
estrogen
Thymus Gland - ANSWER-Large in young children, gradually shrinks with age,
secretes thymosins, important to immune function
Anabolic steroids - ANSWER-This type of steroid is a artificially produced hormone
that are the same as, or similar to, androgens, the male-type sex hormones in the
body. There are more than 100 variations of anabolic steroids. The most powerful
androgen is testosterone.
Renin - ANSWER-An enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops,
also causes the release of aldosterone by triggering a series of reactions that form
angiotensin II, a potent stimulator of aldosterone release.
