ENDOCRINE SYSTEM LECTURE EXAM
REVIEW SHEET QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What are estrogen's target tissue/cells? - ANSWER-uterus, mammary gland, and
other body cells involved in female sexual characteristics
What does estrogen cause? - ANSWER-regulates menstrual cycle, develop &
maintain female sex characteristics, develop breast & uterus and maintain regular
menstrual cycles
What structure does testosterone come from? - ANSWER-the testes
What is testosterone's target tissue/cell? - ANSWER-bone and muscle
What does testosterone cause? - ANSWER-regulates spermatogenesis,promotes
development & maintenance of male sec characteristics and causes maturation of
male reproductive organs
What structure produces glucagon? - ANSWER-pancreas
What is glucagon's target tissue/cell? - ANSWER-most body cells
What does glucagon cause? - ANSWER-increased blood glucose levels by
stimulating the liver to break down glycogen into glucose
What structure produces insulin? - ANSWER-pancreas
What are insulin's target tissues/cells? - ANSWER-most body cells
What does insulin cause? - ANSWER-decreases blood glucose levels by
transporting glucose into body cells
When is the thymus gland most active? - ANSWER-during childhood
Gigantism - ANSWER-dysfunction of the pituitary gland caused by hypersecretion of
GH (growth hormone) during childhood or adolescence
Pituitary Dwarfism - ANSWER-Dysfunction of the Pituitary Gland caused by
hyposecretion of GH (growth hormone) during childhood or adolescence
Acromegaly - ANSWER-Dysfunction of the Pituitary Gland caused by hypersecretion
of GH (growth hormone) during adulthood
Graves disease - ANSWER-auto-immune disease of the thyroid gland that leads to
hyperthyroidism & goiter
, Addison's disease - ANSWER-Partial or complete failure of the cortex layer of the
adrenal gland.
Common S/S include bronzing of the skin, anorexia, fatigue, confusion,
gastrointestinal problems & depression
Diabetes mellitus: Type 1 - ANSWER-Usually affects child population.
Exact cause is still unknown, although scientists believe there is some sort of genetic
component, as well as virus exposure.
In Type I, the body has destroyed pancreatic beta cells, and therefore does not
produce enough Insulin
Pts. will require either Insulin Injections or a Pump, and must monitor their blood
glucose levels
Diabetes Mellitus: type 2 - ANSWER-Usually affects adult population
Exact cause is still unknown, although heredity, age, obesity & a sedentary lifestyle
all contribute
In Type II, the body has formed a resistance against Insulin
Pts. may or may not require medical intervention
Some may need injections or medications, but others can manage the disease by
diet, exercise & lifestyle changes
Diabetes insipidus - ANSWER-Posterior Pituitary Gland Dysfunction
Caused by a HYPOsecretion of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)
Common S/S include excessive thirst & frequent urination, dilute urine, fatigue,
hypotension, dizziness, dry mucous membranes
Treatment includes ADH hormone therapy
Cushing's Syndrome - ANSWER-Dysfunction of the adrenal gland caused by
hypersecretion of Cortisol
Adrenal Cortex Hormone
Common Signs:
Moon Face
Buffalo Hump
What does ant-diuretic hormone (ADH) cause? - ANSWER-retention of fluid in the
renal tubules of kidney nephron in order to maintain water balance
What gland produces luteinizing hormone (LH)? - ANSWER-anterior pituitary gland
What is luteinizing hormone's (LH) target tissue/cell? - ANSWER-testes and ovaries
What does luteinizing hormone cause? - ANSWER-the secretion of testosterone and
triggers ovulation and secretion of estrogen and progesterone
What structure produces follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)? - ANSWER-anterior
pituitary gland
What is follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH)'s target tissue/cell? - ANSWER-testes
and ovaries
REVIEW SHEET QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
What are estrogen's target tissue/cells? - ANSWER-uterus, mammary gland, and
other body cells involved in female sexual characteristics
What does estrogen cause? - ANSWER-regulates menstrual cycle, develop &
maintain female sex characteristics, develop breast & uterus and maintain regular
menstrual cycles
What structure does testosterone come from? - ANSWER-the testes
What is testosterone's target tissue/cell? - ANSWER-bone and muscle
What does testosterone cause? - ANSWER-regulates spermatogenesis,promotes
development & maintenance of male sec characteristics and causes maturation of
male reproductive organs
What structure produces glucagon? - ANSWER-pancreas
What is glucagon's target tissue/cell? - ANSWER-most body cells
What does glucagon cause? - ANSWER-increased blood glucose levels by
stimulating the liver to break down glycogen into glucose
What structure produces insulin? - ANSWER-pancreas
What are insulin's target tissues/cells? - ANSWER-most body cells
What does insulin cause? - ANSWER-decreases blood glucose levels by
transporting glucose into body cells
When is the thymus gland most active? - ANSWER-during childhood
Gigantism - ANSWER-dysfunction of the pituitary gland caused by hypersecretion of
GH (growth hormone) during childhood or adolescence
Pituitary Dwarfism - ANSWER-Dysfunction of the Pituitary Gland caused by
hyposecretion of GH (growth hormone) during childhood or adolescence
Acromegaly - ANSWER-Dysfunction of the Pituitary Gland caused by hypersecretion
of GH (growth hormone) during adulthood
Graves disease - ANSWER-auto-immune disease of the thyroid gland that leads to
hyperthyroidism & goiter
, Addison's disease - ANSWER-Partial or complete failure of the cortex layer of the
adrenal gland.
Common S/S include bronzing of the skin, anorexia, fatigue, confusion,
gastrointestinal problems & depression
Diabetes mellitus: Type 1 - ANSWER-Usually affects child population.
Exact cause is still unknown, although scientists believe there is some sort of genetic
component, as well as virus exposure.
In Type I, the body has destroyed pancreatic beta cells, and therefore does not
produce enough Insulin
Pts. will require either Insulin Injections or a Pump, and must monitor their blood
glucose levels
Diabetes Mellitus: type 2 - ANSWER-Usually affects adult population
Exact cause is still unknown, although heredity, age, obesity & a sedentary lifestyle
all contribute
In Type II, the body has formed a resistance against Insulin
Pts. may or may not require medical intervention
Some may need injections or medications, but others can manage the disease by
diet, exercise & lifestyle changes
Diabetes insipidus - ANSWER-Posterior Pituitary Gland Dysfunction
Caused by a HYPOsecretion of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)
Common S/S include excessive thirst & frequent urination, dilute urine, fatigue,
hypotension, dizziness, dry mucous membranes
Treatment includes ADH hormone therapy
Cushing's Syndrome - ANSWER-Dysfunction of the adrenal gland caused by
hypersecretion of Cortisol
Adrenal Cortex Hormone
Common Signs:
Moon Face
Buffalo Hump
What does ant-diuretic hormone (ADH) cause? - ANSWER-retention of fluid in the
renal tubules of kidney nephron in order to maintain water balance
What gland produces luteinizing hormone (LH)? - ANSWER-anterior pituitary gland
What is luteinizing hormone's (LH) target tissue/cell? - ANSWER-testes and ovaries
What does luteinizing hormone cause? - ANSWER-the secretion of testosterone and
triggers ovulation and secretion of estrogen and progesterone
What structure produces follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)? - ANSWER-anterior
pituitary gland
What is follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH)'s target tissue/cell? - ANSWER-testes
and ovaries
