ENDOCRINE SYSTEM QUIZ Q&A
How does cortisol affect the immune system? - ANSWER-Cortisol is produced by the
adrenal cortex (the superficial region of the adrenal gland). In excess, cortisol
depresses the immune system. Cortisol is secreted in excess during stress (physical
or mental) so it is known as the "stress hormone."
What endocrine gland requires iodine to produce hormones? - ANSWER-The
production of T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxin) by the thyroid gland required the
nutrient iodine.
What two hormones made in the hypothalamus are stored in the posterior lobe of the
pituitary gland? - ANSWER-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (OXT) are both
produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland does not produce any hormones; therefore,
the posterior lobe is not a true endocrine gland, only the anterior lobe is because it
makes hormones.
What are functions of oxytocin? - ANSWER-Oxytocin stimulates contraction of
smooth muscle of the uterus and mammary glands. It is regulated by positive
feedback, unlike other hormones which are regulated by negative feedback.
What organ produces the hormone calcitonin? What are these cells called? -
ANSWER-Calcitonin is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland.
What is the function of calcitonin? - ANSWER-Calcitonin is secreted by the thyroid
gland in response to high blood calcium levels. Its function is to lower calcium levels.
What is the function of the hormone FSH in the male? - ANSWER-Follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH) has target cells in the testes of the male. These
reproductive organs are called gonads. FSH functions in production of sperm cells in
the testes.
What is the function of the hormone FSH in the female? - ANSWER-Follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH) has target cells in the ovaries of the female. These
reproductive organs are called gonads. FSH functions in development of eggs and
hormones.
What is the function of ADH? - ANSWER-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced in
the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It functions
at the kidneys making them conserve water (by not emanating it as urine), and this
helps restore normal solute/water balance to avoid dehydration. Alcohol inhibits the
secretion of ADH resulting in dehydration.
What is the function of prolactin? - ANSWER-Prolactin does not have target cells in
an endocrine gland, its target cells are in the mammary glands (which secrete milk,
an exocrine secretion). Prolactin stimulates milk production.
, What organ produces "releasing" hormones, for example, thyrotropin-releasing
hormone (TRH)? - ANSWER-The hypothalamus of the brain produces "releasing
hormones" such as growth hormone releasing-hormone, prolactin releasing-
hormone, gonadotropin releasing-hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone,
adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone.
How do thyroid hormones affect the metabolic rate? - ANSWER-Thyroid hormones
(T3 and T4) are secreted by the thyroid gland in response to thyroid stimulating
hormone (TSH). These thyroid hormones have target cells located all over the
majority of the body's cells. These hormones function to increase the basal metabolic
rate of many organs and tissues of the body. Thyroid hormones are important in
normal development of the skeletal and nervous system. Infants born with a
deficiency of thyroid hormones have a condition called cretinism.
How are the two lobes of the pituitary gland different in function? - ANSWER-The
anterior lobe produces hormones in response to "releasing" hormones released by
the hypothalamus. The posterior lobe produces zero hormones, it only stores ADH
and OXT that are produced in the hypothalamus.
What are hormones produced in the anterior pituitary gland? Think of the mnemonic
FLATPiG. - ANSWER-Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH),
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Prolactin
(PRL), Growth hormone (GH).
What structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland? - ANSWER-The
infundibulum.
What is a tropic hormone? - ANSWER-Hormones that regulate the secretory action
of other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland's anterior lobe secretes hormones that
regulate other endocrine glands.
The mammary glands are an example of what type of glands? Why? - ANSWER-
Exocrine glands, they produce milk which goes onto the body's surface through
ducts.
Where is ACTH made? What organ does it target? - ANSWER-Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) is made in the pituitary gland. It is secreted from the pituitary gland
in response to a hypothalamic releasing hormone signal. ACTH simulates the
production of hormones from the adrenal gland cortex (aldosterone, cortisol).
What hormone do the kidneys secrete that increase the blood's oxygen carrying
capacity? - ANSWER-To increase the amount of oxygen in the blood, the kidneys
secrete the hormone erythropoietin which stimulates red marrow to produce red
blood cells (RBCs).
What are the organs of the endocrine system? - ANSWER-Organs of the endocrine
system produce hormones. They include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal
gland, thyroid gland, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands and gonads.
How does cortisol affect the immune system? - ANSWER-Cortisol is produced by the
adrenal cortex (the superficial region of the adrenal gland). In excess, cortisol
depresses the immune system. Cortisol is secreted in excess during stress (physical
or mental) so it is known as the "stress hormone."
What endocrine gland requires iodine to produce hormones? - ANSWER-The
production of T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxin) by the thyroid gland required the
nutrient iodine.
What two hormones made in the hypothalamus are stored in the posterior lobe of the
pituitary gland? - ANSWER-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (OXT) are both
produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland does not produce any hormones; therefore,
the posterior lobe is not a true endocrine gland, only the anterior lobe is because it
makes hormones.
What are functions of oxytocin? - ANSWER-Oxytocin stimulates contraction of
smooth muscle of the uterus and mammary glands. It is regulated by positive
feedback, unlike other hormones which are regulated by negative feedback.
What organ produces the hormone calcitonin? What are these cells called? -
ANSWER-Calcitonin is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland.
What is the function of calcitonin? - ANSWER-Calcitonin is secreted by the thyroid
gland in response to high blood calcium levels. Its function is to lower calcium levels.
What is the function of the hormone FSH in the male? - ANSWER-Follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH) has target cells in the testes of the male. These
reproductive organs are called gonads. FSH functions in production of sperm cells in
the testes.
What is the function of the hormone FSH in the female? - ANSWER-Follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH) has target cells in the ovaries of the female. These
reproductive organs are called gonads. FSH functions in development of eggs and
hormones.
What is the function of ADH? - ANSWER-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced in
the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It functions
at the kidneys making them conserve water (by not emanating it as urine), and this
helps restore normal solute/water balance to avoid dehydration. Alcohol inhibits the
secretion of ADH resulting in dehydration.
What is the function of prolactin? - ANSWER-Prolactin does not have target cells in
an endocrine gland, its target cells are in the mammary glands (which secrete milk,
an exocrine secretion). Prolactin stimulates milk production.
, What organ produces "releasing" hormones, for example, thyrotropin-releasing
hormone (TRH)? - ANSWER-The hypothalamus of the brain produces "releasing
hormones" such as growth hormone releasing-hormone, prolactin releasing-
hormone, gonadotropin releasing-hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone,
adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone.
How do thyroid hormones affect the metabolic rate? - ANSWER-Thyroid hormones
(T3 and T4) are secreted by the thyroid gland in response to thyroid stimulating
hormone (TSH). These thyroid hormones have target cells located all over the
majority of the body's cells. These hormones function to increase the basal metabolic
rate of many organs and tissues of the body. Thyroid hormones are important in
normal development of the skeletal and nervous system. Infants born with a
deficiency of thyroid hormones have a condition called cretinism.
How are the two lobes of the pituitary gland different in function? - ANSWER-The
anterior lobe produces hormones in response to "releasing" hormones released by
the hypothalamus. The posterior lobe produces zero hormones, it only stores ADH
and OXT that are produced in the hypothalamus.
What are hormones produced in the anterior pituitary gland? Think of the mnemonic
FLATPiG. - ANSWER-Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH),
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Prolactin
(PRL), Growth hormone (GH).
What structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland? - ANSWER-The
infundibulum.
What is a tropic hormone? - ANSWER-Hormones that regulate the secretory action
of other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland's anterior lobe secretes hormones that
regulate other endocrine glands.
The mammary glands are an example of what type of glands? Why? - ANSWER-
Exocrine glands, they produce milk which goes onto the body's surface through
ducts.
Where is ACTH made? What organ does it target? - ANSWER-Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) is made in the pituitary gland. It is secreted from the pituitary gland
in response to a hypothalamic releasing hormone signal. ACTH simulates the
production of hormones from the adrenal gland cortex (aldosterone, cortisol).
What hormone do the kidneys secrete that increase the blood's oxygen carrying
capacity? - ANSWER-To increase the amount of oxygen in the blood, the kidneys
secrete the hormone erythropoietin which stimulates red marrow to produce red
blood cells (RBCs).
What are the organs of the endocrine system? - ANSWER-Organs of the endocrine
system produce hormones. They include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal
gland, thyroid gland, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands and gonads.
