PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY FOR RESPIRATORY CARE,
CHAPTER 3 & 4 3RD EDITION UPDATED 2025
1.Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER The metabolism of a drug within the body (what
the body does to the drug) involving process of absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion.
2. Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER The effects of a drug on body functions (what
the drug does to the body).
3. Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWER The use of drugs in the treatment of disease.
4. Generic name - ANSWER Name used by manufacturer of the drug.
5. Nonproprietary name - ANSWER Not capitalized, examples include ibuprofen,
acetaminophen.
6.Trade name - ANSWER Name used by specific drug companies, capitalized and
often followed by a ® symbol, examples include Motrin, Tylenol.
7. Chemical name - ANSWER Chemical makeup of drug, for example, Ethyl 1-
methyl-4-phenylisonipecotate.
8. Bioequivalent - ANSWER Generic drugs that are chemically the same or
identical.
,9. Drug attachment - ANSWER Drugs 'attach' to specific sites on cells within the
body to form chemical bonds.
10. Receptor sites - ANSWER Small 'lock like' area on cells in body that control
what substances can enter the cell and change/alter activity.
11. Agonist - ANSWER Drug attaches at receptor site and activates receptor, having
action similar to the body's own chemicals.
12. Partial Agonist - ANSWER Drug attaches at drug receptor site and produces
slight chemical action.
13. Antagonist - ANSWER Drug attaches at drug receptor site but no chemical drug
response is produced, preventing activation of receptor.
14. Absorption - ANSWER How a drug enters the body and passes into the
circulation.
15. Solubility - ANSWER Ability of a drug to dissolve.
16. Diffusion - ANSWER Movement from high to lower concentration.
17. Filtration - ANSWER A filter prevents passage of certain molecules.
18. Osmosis - ANSWER Diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane
from less dense solution to a more dense solution.
, 19. First-pass effect - ANSWER Inactivation of drug in liver before distribution to
rest of body.
20. Excretion - ANSWER Process by which waste products or metabolites are
excreted from body.
21. Half-Life - ANSWER The amount of time it takes the body to remove 50% of a
drug from the body.
22. Enteral - ANSWER Route of administration directly into the gastrointestinal
tract.
23. Parenteral - ANSWER Route of administration directly into tissue, spinal fluid,
or bloodstream.
24. Percutaneous - ANSWER Absorbed through skin/mucous membrane.
25. Examples of metabolites excreted - ANSWER Skin, GI tract, Lungs, Kidneys.
26. Furosemide (Lasix) elimination time - ANSWER Expected to be almost
completely eliminated from the body (less than 1 mg) by 2100-0.625 mg.
27. Desired action - ANSWER Expected response-therapeutic goal is reached.
CHAPTER 3 & 4 3RD EDITION UPDATED 2025
1.Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER The metabolism of a drug within the body (what
the body does to the drug) involving process of absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion.
2. Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER The effects of a drug on body functions (what
the drug does to the body).
3. Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWER The use of drugs in the treatment of disease.
4. Generic name - ANSWER Name used by manufacturer of the drug.
5. Nonproprietary name - ANSWER Not capitalized, examples include ibuprofen,
acetaminophen.
6.Trade name - ANSWER Name used by specific drug companies, capitalized and
often followed by a ® symbol, examples include Motrin, Tylenol.
7. Chemical name - ANSWER Chemical makeup of drug, for example, Ethyl 1-
methyl-4-phenylisonipecotate.
8. Bioequivalent - ANSWER Generic drugs that are chemically the same or
identical.
,9. Drug attachment - ANSWER Drugs 'attach' to specific sites on cells within the
body to form chemical bonds.
10. Receptor sites - ANSWER Small 'lock like' area on cells in body that control
what substances can enter the cell and change/alter activity.
11. Agonist - ANSWER Drug attaches at receptor site and activates receptor, having
action similar to the body's own chemicals.
12. Partial Agonist - ANSWER Drug attaches at drug receptor site and produces
slight chemical action.
13. Antagonist - ANSWER Drug attaches at drug receptor site but no chemical drug
response is produced, preventing activation of receptor.
14. Absorption - ANSWER How a drug enters the body and passes into the
circulation.
15. Solubility - ANSWER Ability of a drug to dissolve.
16. Diffusion - ANSWER Movement from high to lower concentration.
17. Filtration - ANSWER A filter prevents passage of certain molecules.
18. Osmosis - ANSWER Diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane
from less dense solution to a more dense solution.
, 19. First-pass effect - ANSWER Inactivation of drug in liver before distribution to
rest of body.
20. Excretion - ANSWER Process by which waste products or metabolites are
excreted from body.
21. Half-Life - ANSWER The amount of time it takes the body to remove 50% of a
drug from the body.
22. Enteral - ANSWER Route of administration directly into the gastrointestinal
tract.
23. Parenteral - ANSWER Route of administration directly into tissue, spinal fluid,
or bloodstream.
24. Percutaneous - ANSWER Absorbed through skin/mucous membrane.
25. Examples of metabolites excreted - ANSWER Skin, GI tract, Lungs, Kidneys.
26. Furosemide (Lasix) elimination time - ANSWER Expected to be almost
completely eliminated from the body (less than 1 mg) by 2100-0.625 mg.
27. Desired action - ANSWER Expected response-therapeutic goal is reached.
