ESTUDYR
NUR 2459 MENTAL HEALTH EXAM 2 MODULE 4-6 MOST
TESTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ WITH
RATIONALES
Neurocognitive Disorders (NCDs)
1. What defines a neurocognitive disorder?
A. Mood changes only
B. Clinically significant deficit in cognition or memory with decline from a previous level
C. Anxiety and depression
D. Personality changes only
Rationale: NCDs involve cognitive decline affecting daily functioning.
2. Delirium is characterized by:
A. Gradual memory loss
B. Permanent decline in reasoning
C. Rapid disturbance in attention, awareness, and cognition
D. Isolated language impairment
Rationale: Delirium has an acute onset and fluctuating course.
3. Dementia involves:
A. Temporary confusion
B. Progressive decline in multiple cognitive domains with behavioral symptoms
C. Anxiety attacks
D. Motor deficits only
Rationale: Dementia causes global cognitive decline, impacting daily life.
4. Alzheimer’s disease is best described as:
A. Reversible confusion from toxins
B. Progressive, irreversible deterioration of memory, reasoning, and language
C. Acute delirium
D. Vascular brain injury only
Rationale: AD is a primary NCD with insidious cognitive decline.
5. Confabulation refers to:
A. Refusal to speak
B. Fabricating imaginary events to fill memory gaps
C. Slow speech production
D. Inability to write
Rationale: Patients unknowingly create false memories to compensate.
,ESTUDYR
6. Perseveration is:
A. Loss of balance
B. Random word salad
C. Repeating the same word/idea despite new questions
D. None of the above
Rationale: Perseveration reflects impaired response inhibition.
7. Agraphia is the loss of ability to:
A. Understand speech
B. Walk
C. Express thoughts in writing
D. Recognize objects
Rationale: Agraphia is specifically writing impairment.
8. Aphasia denotes:
A. Loss of smell
B. Inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs
C. Tremors
D. Memory loss
Rationale: Aphasia affects language modalities.
9. Apraxia is the inability to:
A. See clearly
B. Carry out purposeful motor activities despite intact strength
C. Understand language
D. Recall events
Rationale: Apraxia is a motor planning deficit.
10. Agnosia refers to:
A. Seizures
B. Inability to recognize familiar objects
C. Paranoia
D. Depression
Rationale: Agnosia affects sensory recognition.
11. Auditory agnosia is:
A. Deafness
B. Inability to recognize familiar sounds
C. Speech delay
D. Hearing hallucinations
Rationale: Patients hear but cannot identify sounds.
12. Hyperorality in NCDs means:
A. Talking nonstop
, ESTUDYR
B. Tendency to taste, chew, or put objects in the mouth
C. Insomnia
D. Social withdrawal
Rationale: Hyperorality is a frontal-lobe sign, often in Creutzfeldt-Jakob.
13. Hypermetamorphosis is:
A. Excessive memory recall
B. Severe depression
C. Urge to touch everything in sight
D. Rapid speech
Rationale: Another disinhibition sign in frontal-lobe damage.
14. Sundowning describes:
A. Improved cognition in evening
B. Agitation and mood deterioration late in day or night
C. Daytime sleeping
D. Hallucinations only at dawn
Rationale: Sundowning is common in dementia with diurnal variation.
Classification & Subtypes of Dementia
15. Vascular dementia is primarily due to:
A. Genetic mutations
B. Cerebrovascular disease and ischemic injury
C. Prion infection
D. Vitamin deficiency
Rationale: Vascular brain damage causes stepwise cognitive decline.
16. Lewy body dementia often presents with:
A. Early memory loss only
B. Visual hallucinations and parkinsonism
C. Elevated mood
D. Auditory agnosia
Rationale: Core features include Lewy body pathology and psychosis.
17. Frontotemporal dementia is characterized by:
A. Early motor impairment
B. Prominent changes in personality and language
C. Only memory loss
D. Seizures
Rationale: FTD affects behavior, executive function, and speech early.
NUR 2459 MENTAL HEALTH EXAM 2 MODULE 4-6 MOST
TESTED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ WITH
RATIONALES
Neurocognitive Disorders (NCDs)
1. What defines a neurocognitive disorder?
A. Mood changes only
B. Clinically significant deficit in cognition or memory with decline from a previous level
C. Anxiety and depression
D. Personality changes only
Rationale: NCDs involve cognitive decline affecting daily functioning.
2. Delirium is characterized by:
A. Gradual memory loss
B. Permanent decline in reasoning
C. Rapid disturbance in attention, awareness, and cognition
D. Isolated language impairment
Rationale: Delirium has an acute onset and fluctuating course.
3. Dementia involves:
A. Temporary confusion
B. Progressive decline in multiple cognitive domains with behavioral symptoms
C. Anxiety attacks
D. Motor deficits only
Rationale: Dementia causes global cognitive decline, impacting daily life.
4. Alzheimer’s disease is best described as:
A. Reversible confusion from toxins
B. Progressive, irreversible deterioration of memory, reasoning, and language
C. Acute delirium
D. Vascular brain injury only
Rationale: AD is a primary NCD with insidious cognitive decline.
5. Confabulation refers to:
A. Refusal to speak
B. Fabricating imaginary events to fill memory gaps
C. Slow speech production
D. Inability to write
Rationale: Patients unknowingly create false memories to compensate.
,ESTUDYR
6. Perseveration is:
A. Loss of balance
B. Random word salad
C. Repeating the same word/idea despite new questions
D. None of the above
Rationale: Perseveration reflects impaired response inhibition.
7. Agraphia is the loss of ability to:
A. Understand speech
B. Walk
C. Express thoughts in writing
D. Recognize objects
Rationale: Agraphia is specifically writing impairment.
8. Aphasia denotes:
A. Loss of smell
B. Inability to communicate through speech, writing, or signs
C. Tremors
D. Memory loss
Rationale: Aphasia affects language modalities.
9. Apraxia is the inability to:
A. See clearly
B. Carry out purposeful motor activities despite intact strength
C. Understand language
D. Recall events
Rationale: Apraxia is a motor planning deficit.
10. Agnosia refers to:
A. Seizures
B. Inability to recognize familiar objects
C. Paranoia
D. Depression
Rationale: Agnosia affects sensory recognition.
11. Auditory agnosia is:
A. Deafness
B. Inability to recognize familiar sounds
C. Speech delay
D. Hearing hallucinations
Rationale: Patients hear but cannot identify sounds.
12. Hyperorality in NCDs means:
A. Talking nonstop
, ESTUDYR
B. Tendency to taste, chew, or put objects in the mouth
C. Insomnia
D. Social withdrawal
Rationale: Hyperorality is a frontal-lobe sign, often in Creutzfeldt-Jakob.
13. Hypermetamorphosis is:
A. Excessive memory recall
B. Severe depression
C. Urge to touch everything in sight
D. Rapid speech
Rationale: Another disinhibition sign in frontal-lobe damage.
14. Sundowning describes:
A. Improved cognition in evening
B. Agitation and mood deterioration late in day or night
C. Daytime sleeping
D. Hallucinations only at dawn
Rationale: Sundowning is common in dementia with diurnal variation.
Classification & Subtypes of Dementia
15. Vascular dementia is primarily due to:
A. Genetic mutations
B. Cerebrovascular disease and ischemic injury
C. Prion infection
D. Vitamin deficiency
Rationale: Vascular brain damage causes stepwise cognitive decline.
16. Lewy body dementia often presents with:
A. Early memory loss only
B. Visual hallucinations and parkinsonism
C. Elevated mood
D. Auditory agnosia
Rationale: Core features include Lewy body pathology and psychosis.
17. Frontotemporal dementia is characterized by:
A. Early motor impairment
B. Prominent changes in personality and language
C. Only memory loss
D. Seizures
Rationale: FTD affects behavior, executive function, and speech early.
