PHARMACOLOGY CHAPTER 11 GENERAL
AND LOCAL ANESTHETICS 2024/2025
LATEST UPDATED GRADED 100% PASS.
Which general anesthetic is administered via the inhalational route?
1
Propofol
2
Ketamine
3
Lidocaine
4
Pancuronium - Precise answer 2
Ketamine is a general anesthetic that is administered through the nose.
Propofol is a general anesthetic drug that is administered intravenously.
Lidocaine is a local anesthetic drug administered intravenously.
Pancuronium is a neuromuscular blocking drug administered intravenously.
The nurse is reviewing the medical reports of patients scheduled for
surgery. Which patient is least likely to have contraindications for surgery?
1
A patient with severe depression
2
A patient in the first trimester of pregnancy
3
A patient susceptible to malignant hyperthermia
4
A patient suffering from narrow-angle glaucoma - Precise answer 1
A patient with severe depression is not contraindicated for anesthesia. In
fact, anesthesia is used with electroconvulsive therapy for severe
depression. On the basis of prior experience with anesthetics,
contraindications to general anesthesia may include pregnancy, known
susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia, and narrow-angle glaucoma.
These contraindications depend on the anesthetic used.
,Which conditions predispose a patient to toxic effects from neuromuscular
blocking drugs (NMBDs)? Select all that apply.
1
Acidosis
2
Hemiplegia
3
Poliomyelitis
4
Myasthenia gravis
5
Clostridial infections - Precise answer 1, 3, 4
NMBDs are the agents that prevent nerve transmission in the skeletal and
smooth muscles. Some conditions such as acidosis, poliomyelitis, and
myasthenia gravis increase the sensitivity of an individual to NMBDs and
prolong their effects. Conditions such as hemiplegia and clostridial
infections will oppose the effect of NMBDs, decreasing the patient's
sensitivity to the toxic effects of NMBDs.
Which drug is preferred for anesthesia before emergency intubation?
1
Propofol
2
Midazolam
3
Succinylcholine
4
Dexmedetomidine - Precise answer 1
Succinylcholine is a neuromuscular blocking agent and is preferred for
emergency intubation because of its rapid onset of action, which is less
than a minute. It achieves peak plasma concentration within 60 seconds.
Its duration of action is 4 to 6 minutes. Therefore, it is used for rapid-
sequence induction of anesthesia. Propofol, midazolam, and
dexmedetomidine do not have these characteristics. Therefore, these
drugs are not preferred for emergency intubation. Propofol is a general
anesthetic. Midazolam is an adjunct drug usually administered along with
general anesthetics because it causes preoperative amnesia and
, decreases anxiety. Dexmedetomidine is also an adjunct drug administered
with general anesthetics that causes sedation.
Which opioid analgesic is used to induce anesthesia along with a general
anesthetic drug?
1
Propofol
2
Fentanyl
3
Ketamine
4
Desflurane - Precise answer 2
An adjunctive anesthetic is a drug that enhances the clinical therapy when
it is used simultaneously with another drug. Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic
that is also used to induce anesthesia during general anesthesia. Propofol
is a parenteral anesthetic, but not an opioid analgesic. Ketamine is a
parenteral anesthetic and an adjunct to inhalational anesthesia. Desflurane
is an inhalational anesthetic used to induce general anesthesia.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is intubated. The nurse observes that
the patient was administered succinylcholine. Which parameter will the
nurse assess in the patient to ensure safe drug administration?
1
Blood in urine
2
Yellowness of eyes
3
Hand grasp strength
4
Change in sputum color - Precise answer 3
Succinylcholine is a neuromuscular blocking drug. The neuromuscular
drugs act on the skeletal and smooth muscles, causing paralysis.
Therefore, the nurse must assess the patient's hand grasp strength along
with vital signs and neurologic status. Succinylcholine does not cause
hematuria, so the nurse does not check for blood in the patient's urine.
Succinylcholine affects eye movement but does not cause yellowness in
AND LOCAL ANESTHETICS 2024/2025
LATEST UPDATED GRADED 100% PASS.
Which general anesthetic is administered via the inhalational route?
1
Propofol
2
Ketamine
3
Lidocaine
4
Pancuronium - Precise answer 2
Ketamine is a general anesthetic that is administered through the nose.
Propofol is a general anesthetic drug that is administered intravenously.
Lidocaine is a local anesthetic drug administered intravenously.
Pancuronium is a neuromuscular blocking drug administered intravenously.
The nurse is reviewing the medical reports of patients scheduled for
surgery. Which patient is least likely to have contraindications for surgery?
1
A patient with severe depression
2
A patient in the first trimester of pregnancy
3
A patient susceptible to malignant hyperthermia
4
A patient suffering from narrow-angle glaucoma - Precise answer 1
A patient with severe depression is not contraindicated for anesthesia. In
fact, anesthesia is used with electroconvulsive therapy for severe
depression. On the basis of prior experience with anesthetics,
contraindications to general anesthesia may include pregnancy, known
susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia, and narrow-angle glaucoma.
These contraindications depend on the anesthetic used.
,Which conditions predispose a patient to toxic effects from neuromuscular
blocking drugs (NMBDs)? Select all that apply.
1
Acidosis
2
Hemiplegia
3
Poliomyelitis
4
Myasthenia gravis
5
Clostridial infections - Precise answer 1, 3, 4
NMBDs are the agents that prevent nerve transmission in the skeletal and
smooth muscles. Some conditions such as acidosis, poliomyelitis, and
myasthenia gravis increase the sensitivity of an individual to NMBDs and
prolong their effects. Conditions such as hemiplegia and clostridial
infections will oppose the effect of NMBDs, decreasing the patient's
sensitivity to the toxic effects of NMBDs.
Which drug is preferred for anesthesia before emergency intubation?
1
Propofol
2
Midazolam
3
Succinylcholine
4
Dexmedetomidine - Precise answer 1
Succinylcholine is a neuromuscular blocking agent and is preferred for
emergency intubation because of its rapid onset of action, which is less
than a minute. It achieves peak plasma concentration within 60 seconds.
Its duration of action is 4 to 6 minutes. Therefore, it is used for rapid-
sequence induction of anesthesia. Propofol, midazolam, and
dexmedetomidine do not have these characteristics. Therefore, these
drugs are not preferred for emergency intubation. Propofol is a general
anesthetic. Midazolam is an adjunct drug usually administered along with
general anesthetics because it causes preoperative amnesia and
, decreases anxiety. Dexmedetomidine is also an adjunct drug administered
with general anesthetics that causes sedation.
Which opioid analgesic is used to induce anesthesia along with a general
anesthetic drug?
1
Propofol
2
Fentanyl
3
Ketamine
4
Desflurane - Precise answer 2
An adjunctive anesthetic is a drug that enhances the clinical therapy when
it is used simultaneously with another drug. Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic
that is also used to induce anesthesia during general anesthesia. Propofol
is a parenteral anesthetic, but not an opioid analgesic. Ketamine is a
parenteral anesthetic and an adjunct to inhalational anesthesia. Desflurane
is an inhalational anesthetic used to induce general anesthesia.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is intubated. The nurse observes that
the patient was administered succinylcholine. Which parameter will the
nurse assess in the patient to ensure safe drug administration?
1
Blood in urine
2
Yellowness of eyes
3
Hand grasp strength
4
Change in sputum color - Precise answer 3
Succinylcholine is a neuromuscular blocking drug. The neuromuscular
drugs act on the skeletal and smooth muscles, causing paralysis.
Therefore, the nurse must assess the patient's hand grasp strength along
with vital signs and neurologic status. Succinylcholine does not cause
hematuria, so the nurse does not check for blood in the patient's urine.
Succinylcholine affects eye movement but does not cause yellowness in
