1. What two points did Darwin make in The Origin of -Today's organisms de-
Species? scended from ancestral
species
-Natural selection provid-
ed mechanism for evolu-
tionary change in popula-
tions
2. What two key philosophers opposed evolution? Plato and Aristotle
3. What was the dominant philosophy in the 1700's? Natural theology
4. What is natural theology? Studying nature to under-
stand the mind of God
5. What did Carolus Linnaeus develop? Taxonomy
6. What is taxonomy? A hierarchical classi�ca-
tion system
(binomial nomencla-
ture)--> homo sapien
7. What are fossils? Organisms mineralized in
sedimentary rock
8. What is paleontology? the science of studying
fossils
9. What theory did Georges Cuvier believe in? catastrophism
10. What is catastrophism? A theory that states
the Earth was largely
in uenced by catastro-
phes. Floods, droughts
, etc. wiped whole species
out. New species immi-
grates in from outside of
catastropher.
11. What was catastrophism an explanation for? The increasing dissimilar-
ity of fossils in the strata
from the current species
as you go further back in
time
12. What theory did James Hutton believe in? gradualism
13. What is gradualism? The theory that Earth's
features are created by
gradual mechanisms such
as wind erosion, water
erosion, etc. NOT catastro-
phes
14. What theory did Charles Lyell believe in? uniformitarianism
15. What is uniformitarianism? The theory that the same
mechanisms are operat-
ing today as in the past
and are operating at the
same rate
16. What book did Lyell write? Principles of Geology
17. Why was Principles of Geology in�uential to Darwin? Lyell states as part of his
theory that the Earth must
be much older than 6,000
, years ---> Darwin's theory
of natural selection need-
ed time for species to
evolve
18. What mechanism of evolution did Jean Baptiste Use and disuse of parts
Lamarch propose? Inheritance of acquired
characteristics
19. What is the theory of use and disuse of parts? If a species heavily uses a
bodily part, it will become
more prominent, disused
parts deteriorate during
lifetime of individual
Ex: Bodybuilder gets
stronger, larger muscles
throughout life
20. What is the theory of inheritance of acquired charac- Changes acquired
teristics? throughout a species life-
time are inherited by o -
spring
Ex: Bodybuilder has ba-
bies w/ larger mus-
cles, gira e get longer
necks from straining for
leaves-->baby gira es w/
longer necks
Species? scended from ancestral
species
-Natural selection provid-
ed mechanism for evolu-
tionary change in popula-
tions
2. What two key philosophers opposed evolution? Plato and Aristotle
3. What was the dominant philosophy in the 1700's? Natural theology
4. What is natural theology? Studying nature to under-
stand the mind of God
5. What did Carolus Linnaeus develop? Taxonomy
6. What is taxonomy? A hierarchical classi�ca-
tion system
(binomial nomencla-
ture)--> homo sapien
7. What are fossils? Organisms mineralized in
sedimentary rock
8. What is paleontology? the science of studying
fossils
9. What theory did Georges Cuvier believe in? catastrophism
10. What is catastrophism? A theory that states
the Earth was largely
in uenced by catastro-
phes. Floods, droughts
, etc. wiped whole species
out. New species immi-
grates in from outside of
catastropher.
11. What was catastrophism an explanation for? The increasing dissimilar-
ity of fossils in the strata
from the current species
as you go further back in
time
12. What theory did James Hutton believe in? gradualism
13. What is gradualism? The theory that Earth's
features are created by
gradual mechanisms such
as wind erosion, water
erosion, etc. NOT catastro-
phes
14. What theory did Charles Lyell believe in? uniformitarianism
15. What is uniformitarianism? The theory that the same
mechanisms are operat-
ing today as in the past
and are operating at the
same rate
16. What book did Lyell write? Principles of Geology
17. Why was Principles of Geology in�uential to Darwin? Lyell states as part of his
theory that the Earth must
be much older than 6,000
, years ---> Darwin's theory
of natural selection need-
ed time for species to
evolve
18. What mechanism of evolution did Jean Baptiste Use and disuse of parts
Lamarch propose? Inheritance of acquired
characteristics
19. What is the theory of use and disuse of parts? If a species heavily uses a
bodily part, it will become
more prominent, disused
parts deteriorate during
lifetime of individual
Ex: Bodybuilder gets
stronger, larger muscles
throughout life
20. What is the theory of inheritance of acquired charac- Changes acquired
teristics? throughout a species life-
time are inherited by o -
spring
Ex: Bodybuilder has ba-
bies w/ larger mus-
cles, gira e get longer
necks from straining for
leaves-->baby gira es w/
longer necks
