Human Biology Test #3 Questions with
Complete Solutions
T/F: Histamine is released by neutrophils to induce an inflammation response when
tissues become damaged. - ANSWER-False
T/F: Tears and saliva contain the enzyme dermicidin, which is effective in preventing
bacteria from entering the human body. - ANSWER-False
T/F: The first type of white blood cell to arrive at the site of an infection is the
eosinophil. - ANSWER-False
T/F: Indicators of "self" to your immune system are referred to as MHC proteins. -
ANSWER-True
T/F: The best way to defend the body from a viral infection is to prevent the infection
by using a vaccine. - ANSWER-True
T/F: When considering transfusions or transplants, it is more difficult to match blood
than to match tissue types because blood cells have more self-markers on their
surface. - ANSWER-False
Bacteria are classified as ________ because they are made up of cells that do not
have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. - ANSWER-Prokaryotic
________ cells prime the immune system to become active if an antigen enters the
body a second time. - ANSWER-Memory
B lymphocytes mature in ________. - ANSWER-Bone marrow
Inflammation generally results when tissues become damaged and ________ cells
respond by releasing histamine. - ANSWER-Mast
Chemicals released by macrophages that cause the onset of a fever are called
________. - ANSWER-Pyrogens
Cell-mediated immunity involves the activity of ________ lymphocytes. - ANSWER-T
Immunoglobulin ________ is the most common type of immunoglobulin and is the
only type that can cross the placenta to pass on the mother's acquired immunity to
the developing fetus. - ANSWER-G
A vaccination that uses prepared antibodies from a human or animal donor and that
does not provide long-lasting protection is called ________. - ANSWER-Passive
Immunity
Drugs that kill bacteria are known as ________. - ANSWER-Antibiotics
,Following transplant surgery, a patient is given ________ drugs that block the action
of the immune response against the transplanted organ. - ANSWER-
Immunosuppressive
Symptoms of an allergic reaction such as increased secretion of mucus, swelling,
and pain are due to the release of ________ from mast cells. - ANSWER-histamine
A severe allergic reaction (difficulty in breathing, fall in blood pressure, severe
stomach cramps) is known as ________. - ANSWER-anaphylactic shock
A condition that results when the immune system produces antibodies and cytotoxic
T cells against its own cells is a(n) ________ disorder. - ANSWER-autoimmune
The main cell of the immune system targeted by HIV is the ________. - ANSWER-T
helper cell
HIV tests for HIV antibodies are most effective and accurate ________ months after
infection with HIV. - ANSWER-6
Which of these cells is a phagocytic leukocyte that can engulf a foreign bacterium? -
ANSWER-macrophage
_____ interact with the antigen-class II MHC complex presented by macrophages. -
ANSWER-Helper T cells
B cells that have been stimulated by interleukin-2 develop into _____. - ANSWER-
plasma cells
The role of cytotoxic T cells is the secretion of _____, which plays a role in the _____
immune response. - ANSWER-perforin ... cell-mediated
Clonal selection is the division of _____ that have been stimulated by binding to an
antigen, which results in the production of cloned _____. - ANSWER-B cells ...
plasma cells and memory cells
Which of these cells is responsible for the rapidity of the secondary immune
response? - ANSWER-memory cells
Which of these cells produce and secrete antibodies? - ANSWER-plasma cells
The genetic material of HIV consists of _____. - ANSWER-single-stranded RNA
What is the function of reverse transcriptase? - ANSWER-catalyzing the formation of
DNA from a RNA template
What is the source of a viral envelope? - ANSWER-host cell membrane
Double-stranded viral DNA is incorporated into a host cell as a _____. - ANSWER-
provirus
, Which of the following statements about plasma cells is FALSE? - ANSWER-Plasma
cells are part of the MHC system.
What is the final step in the cell-mediated response to a viral infection? - ANSWER-
Cytotoxic T cells punch holes in the membranes of infected host cells.
Which of the following types of cell can ingest pathogens? - ANSWER-macrophages
What type(s) of cell(s) can helper T cells become? - ANSWER-memory helper T
cells and effector helper T cells
Structures that precipitate antigens, promote lysis, attract phagocytes, and neutralize
toxins are called ________. - ANSWER-antibodies
T/F: When you suffer an injury, white blood cells near the injury site initiate the
inflammatory response. - ANSWER-False
Inflamed tissue turns red because ________. - ANSWER-there is an increased
blood flow to the injured tissues due to dilation of arterioles in the injured area
What is the role of mast cells in the inflammatory response? - ANSWER-They
release chemicals that dilate blood vessels at the wound site.
The pain associated with the inflammatory response is the direct result of ________.
- ANSWER-the swelling of the tissue and the chemicals released from certain cells
The direct cause of the heat generated by a wound or local infection is ________. -
ANSWER-histamine, which causes the smooth muscle cells of the arterioles to relax;
this leads to a cascade of events causing the tissue to become hot
Spleen - ANSWER-removes microorganisms and old red blood cells from the blood
Thymus - ANSWER-secretes hormones important in the maturation of T cells
Lymph Nodes - ANSWER-filters microorganisms and cellular debris from lymph
Tonsils - ANSWER-filters out microorganisms that enter the throat by food or air
Lymphatic vessel - ANSWER-transports lymph in the body
Helper T Cells - ANSWER-stimulate the immune system by secreting lymphokines
and interleukins; they activate B lymphocytes
Cytotoxic T Cells - ANSWER-migrate through blood and lymph, directly attacking
and destroying foreign cells
Suppressor Cells - ANSWER-stop the immune response once the antigen has been
removed from the body
Complete Solutions
T/F: Histamine is released by neutrophils to induce an inflammation response when
tissues become damaged. - ANSWER-False
T/F: Tears and saliva contain the enzyme dermicidin, which is effective in preventing
bacteria from entering the human body. - ANSWER-False
T/F: The first type of white blood cell to arrive at the site of an infection is the
eosinophil. - ANSWER-False
T/F: Indicators of "self" to your immune system are referred to as MHC proteins. -
ANSWER-True
T/F: The best way to defend the body from a viral infection is to prevent the infection
by using a vaccine. - ANSWER-True
T/F: When considering transfusions or transplants, it is more difficult to match blood
than to match tissue types because blood cells have more self-markers on their
surface. - ANSWER-False
Bacteria are classified as ________ because they are made up of cells that do not
have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. - ANSWER-Prokaryotic
________ cells prime the immune system to become active if an antigen enters the
body a second time. - ANSWER-Memory
B lymphocytes mature in ________. - ANSWER-Bone marrow
Inflammation generally results when tissues become damaged and ________ cells
respond by releasing histamine. - ANSWER-Mast
Chemicals released by macrophages that cause the onset of a fever are called
________. - ANSWER-Pyrogens
Cell-mediated immunity involves the activity of ________ lymphocytes. - ANSWER-T
Immunoglobulin ________ is the most common type of immunoglobulin and is the
only type that can cross the placenta to pass on the mother's acquired immunity to
the developing fetus. - ANSWER-G
A vaccination that uses prepared antibodies from a human or animal donor and that
does not provide long-lasting protection is called ________. - ANSWER-Passive
Immunity
Drugs that kill bacteria are known as ________. - ANSWER-Antibiotics
,Following transplant surgery, a patient is given ________ drugs that block the action
of the immune response against the transplanted organ. - ANSWER-
Immunosuppressive
Symptoms of an allergic reaction such as increased secretion of mucus, swelling,
and pain are due to the release of ________ from mast cells. - ANSWER-histamine
A severe allergic reaction (difficulty in breathing, fall in blood pressure, severe
stomach cramps) is known as ________. - ANSWER-anaphylactic shock
A condition that results when the immune system produces antibodies and cytotoxic
T cells against its own cells is a(n) ________ disorder. - ANSWER-autoimmune
The main cell of the immune system targeted by HIV is the ________. - ANSWER-T
helper cell
HIV tests for HIV antibodies are most effective and accurate ________ months after
infection with HIV. - ANSWER-6
Which of these cells is a phagocytic leukocyte that can engulf a foreign bacterium? -
ANSWER-macrophage
_____ interact with the antigen-class II MHC complex presented by macrophages. -
ANSWER-Helper T cells
B cells that have been stimulated by interleukin-2 develop into _____. - ANSWER-
plasma cells
The role of cytotoxic T cells is the secretion of _____, which plays a role in the _____
immune response. - ANSWER-perforin ... cell-mediated
Clonal selection is the division of _____ that have been stimulated by binding to an
antigen, which results in the production of cloned _____. - ANSWER-B cells ...
plasma cells and memory cells
Which of these cells is responsible for the rapidity of the secondary immune
response? - ANSWER-memory cells
Which of these cells produce and secrete antibodies? - ANSWER-plasma cells
The genetic material of HIV consists of _____. - ANSWER-single-stranded RNA
What is the function of reverse transcriptase? - ANSWER-catalyzing the formation of
DNA from a RNA template
What is the source of a viral envelope? - ANSWER-host cell membrane
Double-stranded viral DNA is incorporated into a host cell as a _____. - ANSWER-
provirus
, Which of the following statements about plasma cells is FALSE? - ANSWER-Plasma
cells are part of the MHC system.
What is the final step in the cell-mediated response to a viral infection? - ANSWER-
Cytotoxic T cells punch holes in the membranes of infected host cells.
Which of the following types of cell can ingest pathogens? - ANSWER-macrophages
What type(s) of cell(s) can helper T cells become? - ANSWER-memory helper T
cells and effector helper T cells
Structures that precipitate antigens, promote lysis, attract phagocytes, and neutralize
toxins are called ________. - ANSWER-antibodies
T/F: When you suffer an injury, white blood cells near the injury site initiate the
inflammatory response. - ANSWER-False
Inflamed tissue turns red because ________. - ANSWER-there is an increased
blood flow to the injured tissues due to dilation of arterioles in the injured area
What is the role of mast cells in the inflammatory response? - ANSWER-They
release chemicals that dilate blood vessels at the wound site.
The pain associated with the inflammatory response is the direct result of ________.
- ANSWER-the swelling of the tissue and the chemicals released from certain cells
The direct cause of the heat generated by a wound or local infection is ________. -
ANSWER-histamine, which causes the smooth muscle cells of the arterioles to relax;
this leads to a cascade of events causing the tissue to become hot
Spleen - ANSWER-removes microorganisms and old red blood cells from the blood
Thymus - ANSWER-secretes hormones important in the maturation of T cells
Lymph Nodes - ANSWER-filters microorganisms and cellular debris from lymph
Tonsils - ANSWER-filters out microorganisms that enter the throat by food or air
Lymphatic vessel - ANSWER-transports lymph in the body
Helper T Cells - ANSWER-stimulate the immune system by secreting lymphokines
and interleukins; they activate B lymphocytes
Cytotoxic T Cells - ANSWER-migrate through blood and lymph, directly attacking
and destroying foreign cells
Suppressor Cells - ANSWER-stop the immune response once the antigen has been
removed from the body
