Human Biology Final Exam Questions
with Complete Solutions
The simple diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is called what?
a. osmosis
b. pinocytosis
c. facilitated diffusion
d. active transport - ANSWER-a. osmosis
In order to rehydrate the body, cells need to be exposed to a what solution?
a. isotonic
b. hypotonic
c. hypertonic
d. gin & tonic - ANSWER-b. hypotonic
In this type of vesicular transport, solutes are brought inside the cell.
a. osmosis
b. secretion
c. exocytosis
d. endocytosis - ANSWER-d. endocytosis
All of the following organelles are involved in protein synthesis except what?
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. mitochondria
c. ribosomes
d. golgi body - ANSWER-b. mitochondria
Which of the following molecules is the energy "currency" of the cell? It connects
chemical reactions that require or release energy.
a. ATP
b. phospholipids
c. sucrose
d. DNA - ANSWER-a. ATP
A metabolic reaction that releases energy by reading down larger molecules is what?
a. photosynthetic
b. anabolic
c. catabolic
d. condensing - ANSWER-c. catabolic
Rough ER - ANSWER-Studded with ribosomes, this network synthesizes and
modifies proteins.
Nucleus - ANSWER-A membrane-bound compartment housing DNA in a eukaryotic
cell.
,Lysosome - ANSWER-This organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down
cellular debris (garbage disposal)
Cytoskeleton - ANSWER-The scaffolding of the cell, this organelle is composed of
microtubules and filaments
Plasma Membrane - ANSWER-This is composed of a dynamic phospholipid bilayer
Golgi complex - ANSWER-The UPS of the cell, packages and sorts cellular products
for export
Smooth ER - ANSWER-Lacking ribosomes, this network is involved in lipid synthesis
Mitochondrion - ANSWER-The powerhouse of the cell, this makes ATP from organic
compounds
Peroxisome - ANSWER-This organelle breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water and
oxygen
Cytoplasm - ANSWER-The region between the DNA and plasma membrane of any
cell
Homeostasis - ANSWER-A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal
state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around
a particular level
Three homeostatic control mechanisms - ANSWER-receptor, control center, effector
Hypothesis - ANSWER-a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of
limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
Theory - ANSWER-well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
Functions of water in the body - ANSWER-Transporting nutrients to cells and wastes
from cells
Transporting hormones, enzymes, blood platelets, and red and white blood cells
Facilitating cellular metabolism and proper cellular chemical functioning
Acting as a solvent for electrolytes and nonelectrolytes
Helping maintain normal body temperature
Facilitating digestion and promoting elimination
Acting as a tissue lubricant
Biomolecule - ANSWER-A carbon based molecule made by living things.
Important Biomolecules - ANSWER-The molecules of life that include:
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
An action potential is propagated in one direction throughout a neuron - ANSWER-
True
, Drugs, such as narcotics an depressants, act primarily through the endocrine
system. - ANSWER-False
The forebrain consists of the cerebrum, the hypothalamus, and cerebellum. -
ANSWER-False
Lipid soluble hormones bind to receptors in the nucleus of target cells. - ANSWER-
True
Catecholamines produced by the adrenal medulla include epinephrine and
norepinephrine. - ANSWER-True
There are more efferent than afferent vessels associated with a lymph node. -
ANSWER-False
T cells multiply and become immunocompetent in the bone marrow. - ANSWER-
False
Autoimmune diseases are more common in women than men. - ANSWER-True
A simple reflex arc does not involve what?
a. sensory neurons
b. motor neurons
c. the spinal cord
d. the brain - ANSWER-d. the brain
The two major (primary) divisions of the nervous system are what?
a. somatic and autonomic
b. sensory and motor
c. sympathetic and parasympathetic
d. central and peripheral - ANSWER-d. central and peripheral
Which cells relay signals from the interneurons to the body effectors?
a. sensory neurons
b. association neurons
c. motor nurons
d. Schwann cells - ANSWER-c. motor neurons
The autonomic nervous system stimulates all of the following except what?
a. skeletal muscle
b. smooth muscle
c. endocrine glands
d. cardiac muscle - ANSWER-a. skeletal muscle
All of the following conditions exist during resting membrane potential except what?
a. The interior of the neuron has a slight negative charge
b. the plasma membrane of the neuron is polarized
c. There are more sodium ions inside the neuron than outside
d. There are less potassium ions outside the neuron than inside - ANSWER-c. There
are more sodium ions inside the neuron than outside
with Complete Solutions
The simple diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is called what?
a. osmosis
b. pinocytosis
c. facilitated diffusion
d. active transport - ANSWER-a. osmosis
In order to rehydrate the body, cells need to be exposed to a what solution?
a. isotonic
b. hypotonic
c. hypertonic
d. gin & tonic - ANSWER-b. hypotonic
In this type of vesicular transport, solutes are brought inside the cell.
a. osmosis
b. secretion
c. exocytosis
d. endocytosis - ANSWER-d. endocytosis
All of the following organelles are involved in protein synthesis except what?
a. endoplasmic reticulum
b. mitochondria
c. ribosomes
d. golgi body - ANSWER-b. mitochondria
Which of the following molecules is the energy "currency" of the cell? It connects
chemical reactions that require or release energy.
a. ATP
b. phospholipids
c. sucrose
d. DNA - ANSWER-a. ATP
A metabolic reaction that releases energy by reading down larger molecules is what?
a. photosynthetic
b. anabolic
c. catabolic
d. condensing - ANSWER-c. catabolic
Rough ER - ANSWER-Studded with ribosomes, this network synthesizes and
modifies proteins.
Nucleus - ANSWER-A membrane-bound compartment housing DNA in a eukaryotic
cell.
,Lysosome - ANSWER-This organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down
cellular debris (garbage disposal)
Cytoskeleton - ANSWER-The scaffolding of the cell, this organelle is composed of
microtubules and filaments
Plasma Membrane - ANSWER-This is composed of a dynamic phospholipid bilayer
Golgi complex - ANSWER-The UPS of the cell, packages and sorts cellular products
for export
Smooth ER - ANSWER-Lacking ribosomes, this network is involved in lipid synthesis
Mitochondrion - ANSWER-The powerhouse of the cell, this makes ATP from organic
compounds
Peroxisome - ANSWER-This organelle breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water and
oxygen
Cytoplasm - ANSWER-The region between the DNA and plasma membrane of any
cell
Homeostasis - ANSWER-A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal
state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around
a particular level
Three homeostatic control mechanisms - ANSWER-receptor, control center, effector
Hypothesis - ANSWER-a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of
limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
Theory - ANSWER-well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
Functions of water in the body - ANSWER-Transporting nutrients to cells and wastes
from cells
Transporting hormones, enzymes, blood platelets, and red and white blood cells
Facilitating cellular metabolism and proper cellular chemical functioning
Acting as a solvent for electrolytes and nonelectrolytes
Helping maintain normal body temperature
Facilitating digestion and promoting elimination
Acting as a tissue lubricant
Biomolecule - ANSWER-A carbon based molecule made by living things.
Important Biomolecules - ANSWER-The molecules of life that include:
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
An action potential is propagated in one direction throughout a neuron - ANSWER-
True
, Drugs, such as narcotics an depressants, act primarily through the endocrine
system. - ANSWER-False
The forebrain consists of the cerebrum, the hypothalamus, and cerebellum. -
ANSWER-False
Lipid soluble hormones bind to receptors in the nucleus of target cells. - ANSWER-
True
Catecholamines produced by the adrenal medulla include epinephrine and
norepinephrine. - ANSWER-True
There are more efferent than afferent vessels associated with a lymph node. -
ANSWER-False
T cells multiply and become immunocompetent in the bone marrow. - ANSWER-
False
Autoimmune diseases are more common in women than men. - ANSWER-True
A simple reflex arc does not involve what?
a. sensory neurons
b. motor neurons
c. the spinal cord
d. the brain - ANSWER-d. the brain
The two major (primary) divisions of the nervous system are what?
a. somatic and autonomic
b. sensory and motor
c. sympathetic and parasympathetic
d. central and peripheral - ANSWER-d. central and peripheral
Which cells relay signals from the interneurons to the body effectors?
a. sensory neurons
b. association neurons
c. motor nurons
d. Schwann cells - ANSWER-c. motor neurons
The autonomic nervous system stimulates all of the following except what?
a. skeletal muscle
b. smooth muscle
c. endocrine glands
d. cardiac muscle - ANSWER-a. skeletal muscle
All of the following conditions exist during resting membrane potential except what?
a. The interior of the neuron has a slight negative charge
b. the plasma membrane of the neuron is polarized
c. There are more sodium ions inside the neuron than outside
d. There are less potassium ions outside the neuron than inside - ANSWER-c. There
are more sodium ions inside the neuron than outside
