,Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
MULTIPLE CHOICE ji
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B j i
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ji ji
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. ji
ANS: C j i
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powd
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
ers derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ji ji
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. recognize self from nonself. ji ji ji
b. defend the body against nonself. ji ji ji ji
c. amplify specific functions. ji ji
d. Both A and B. ji ji ji
ANS: D j i
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body against
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspecific effect
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
or mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components of the immu
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
ne system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
(e.g., complement). ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ji ji
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
ji ji ji ji ji
a. natural resistance. ji
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. ji ji ji ji
, c. an autoimmune disorder. ji ji
d. recovery from infectious disease. ji ji ji
ANS: C j i
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired resis
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
tance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause many di
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
sorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transplanted orga
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
n, or an autoimmune disorder.
ji ji ji ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ji ji
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. ji ji ji
ANS: D j i
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation among
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji j
the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In additi
i ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
on, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperatio
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
n is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell pro
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
ducts, and nonlymphoid elements. ji ji ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ji ji
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. immediate hours after conception ji ji ji
b. second month of gestation. ji ji ji
c. second trimester of gestation. ji ji ji
d. periods of severe anemia in children. ji ji ji ji ji
ANS: A j i
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the embryo
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ji ji
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow. ji ji ji ji
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen. ji ji ji ji
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. ji ji ji ji
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac. ji ji ji ji
ANS: A j i
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of th
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
e yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the yolk sa
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
c as the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
major site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial appearanc
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
e. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth month of
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji j
gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow
i ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ji ji
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. to reduce inflammation. ji ji
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
ji ji ji ji ji ji
c. antigen recognition. ji
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D j i
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal syst
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
em, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and can
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflamm
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
atory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an intr
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
uding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in s
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
evere infections. ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ji ji
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. ji ji ji
ANS: D j i
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases ji ji ji ji ji ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ji ji
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated w
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
ith:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba ji
c. allergic reactions ji
d. bacteria
ANS: C j i
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
MULTIPLE CHOICE ji
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B j i
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ji ji
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. ji
ANS: C j i
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powd
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
ers derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ji ji
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. recognize self from nonself. ji ji ji
b. defend the body against nonself. ji ji ji ji
c. amplify specific functions. ji ji
d. Both A and B. ji ji ji
ANS: D j i
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body against
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has nonspecific effect
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
or mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific components of the immu
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
ne system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
(e.g., complement). ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ji ji
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
ji ji ji ji ji
a. natural resistance. ji
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. ji ji ji ji
, c. an autoimmune disorder. ji ji
d. recovery from infectious disease. ji ji ji
ANS: C j i
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired resis
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
tance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause many di
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
sorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a transplanted orga
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
n, or an autoimmune disorder.
ji ji ji ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ji ji
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. ji ji ji
ANS: D j i
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation among
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of lymphocytes in
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji j
the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate mobility. In additi
i ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
on, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperatio
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
n is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell pro
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
ducts, and nonlymphoid elements. ji ji ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ji ji
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. immediate hours after conception ji ji ji
b. second month of gestation. ji ji ji
c. second trimester of gestation. ji ji ji
d. periods of severe anemia in children. ji ji ji ji ji
ANS: A j i
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the embryo
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ji ji
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow. ji ji ji ji
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen. ji ji ji ji
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. ji ji ji ji
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac. ji ji ji ji
ANS: A j i
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of th
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
e yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the yolk sa
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
c as the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver becomes the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
major site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial appearanc
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
e. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth month of
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji j
gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow
i ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ji ji
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. to reduce inflammation. ji ji
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
ji ji ji ji ji ji
c. antigen recognition. ji
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D j i
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal syst
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
em, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury and can
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflamm
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
atory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an intr
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
uding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in s
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
evere infections. ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: II ji ji
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. ji ji ji
ANS: D j i
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases ji ji ji ji ji ji
DIF: Cognitive Level: I ji ji
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated w
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
ith:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba ji
c. allergic reactions ji
d. bacteria
ANS: C j i
