Information Security and Assurance-
SET IV-2025
A job title: Have access to information resources in accordance with the owner-defined
controls and access rules. - Users
One purpose of a security awareness program is to modify which of the following?
A. Employees' attitudes and behaviors
B. Management's approach
C. Attitudes of employees toward sensitive data
D. Corporate attitudes about safeguarding data - A. Employees' attitudes and behaviors
Explanation:
Because people are the weakest link in any security-related process, it's crucial that a
security program address user education, awareness, and training on policies and
procedures that affect them.
The totality of protection mechanisms within a computer system, including hardware,
firmware, and software. It consists of one or more components that together enforce a
unified security policy over a product or system - Trusted Computing Base (TCB)
A software model that mediates all access from any subject (user or other device) to any
object (resource, data, and so forth);
it cannot be bypassed.It mediates accesses to objects by subjects. In principle, it should be:
Complete, to mediate every access
Isolated from modification by other system entities (objects and processes)
Verifiable, doing only what it's programmed to do and not being susceptible to
circumvention by malicious acts or programmer error - reference monitor
a.k.a. abstract machine
Implementation of a reference monitor for a specific hardware base, such as Sun
Solaris, Red Hat Linux, or Mac OS X. - security kernel
The TCB, reference monitor, and security kernel are essential for military- and
government-grade information technology (IT) security to prevent unauthorized access or
threats to the integrity of programs, operating systems, or data.
, T or F
In "The ring of trust" Trust in a system moves from the outside to the inside in a
unidirectional mode. - True
T or F
Multics was the first operating system to provide a hierarchical file system - True
Which of the following terms best defines the sum of protection mechanisms inside the
computer, including hardware, firmware, and software?
A . Trusted
system B .Security
kernel
C. Trusted computing base
D. Security perimeter - C. Trusted computing base
Explanation:
The Trusted Computing Base (TCB) is the totality of protection mechanisms within a
computer system, including hardware, firmware, and software.
A TCB practice in which a design objective in which each process has its own distinct
address space for its application code and data. Such a design makes it possible to prevent
each process from accessing another process's data. This prevents data or information
leakage and prevents modification of the data while in memory. - Process isolation
A TCB practice in which a process (program) have no more privilege than what it really
needs to perform its functions. Any modules that require supervisor or root access (that
is, complete system privileges) are embedded in the operating system kernel. The kernel
handles all requests for system resources and mediates the access from external modules
to privileged modules when required. - The principle of least privilege
A TCB practice in which specifically relates to the segmentation of memory into protected
segments. The kernel allocates the required amount of memory for the process to load its
application code, its process data, and its application data. The system prevents user
processes from accessing another process's allocated memory. It also prevents user
processes from accessing system memory. - Hardware segmentation
A TCB practice in which process operation that is divided into layers by function. Each
layer deals with a specific activity. The lower (outer) layers perform basic tasks, whereas
the higher (inner) layers perform more complex or protected tasks. - Layering
A TCB practice in which a process that defines a specific set of permissible values for an
object and the operations that are permissible on that object. This involves ignoring or
SET IV-2025
A job title: Have access to information resources in accordance with the owner-defined
controls and access rules. - Users
One purpose of a security awareness program is to modify which of the following?
A. Employees' attitudes and behaviors
B. Management's approach
C. Attitudes of employees toward sensitive data
D. Corporate attitudes about safeguarding data - A. Employees' attitudes and behaviors
Explanation:
Because people are the weakest link in any security-related process, it's crucial that a
security program address user education, awareness, and training on policies and
procedures that affect them.
The totality of protection mechanisms within a computer system, including hardware,
firmware, and software. It consists of one or more components that together enforce a
unified security policy over a product or system - Trusted Computing Base (TCB)
A software model that mediates all access from any subject (user or other device) to any
object (resource, data, and so forth);
it cannot be bypassed.It mediates accesses to objects by subjects. In principle, it should be:
Complete, to mediate every access
Isolated from modification by other system entities (objects and processes)
Verifiable, doing only what it's programmed to do and not being susceptible to
circumvention by malicious acts or programmer error - reference monitor
a.k.a. abstract machine
Implementation of a reference monitor for a specific hardware base, such as Sun
Solaris, Red Hat Linux, or Mac OS X. - security kernel
The TCB, reference monitor, and security kernel are essential for military- and
government-grade information technology (IT) security to prevent unauthorized access or
threats to the integrity of programs, operating systems, or data.
, T or F
In "The ring of trust" Trust in a system moves from the outside to the inside in a
unidirectional mode. - True
T or F
Multics was the first operating system to provide a hierarchical file system - True
Which of the following terms best defines the sum of protection mechanisms inside the
computer, including hardware, firmware, and software?
A . Trusted
system B .Security
kernel
C. Trusted computing base
D. Security perimeter - C. Trusted computing base
Explanation:
The Trusted Computing Base (TCB) is the totality of protection mechanisms within a
computer system, including hardware, firmware, and software.
A TCB practice in which a design objective in which each process has its own distinct
address space for its application code and data. Such a design makes it possible to prevent
each process from accessing another process's data. This prevents data or information
leakage and prevents modification of the data while in memory. - Process isolation
A TCB practice in which a process (program) have no more privilege than what it really
needs to perform its functions. Any modules that require supervisor or root access (that
is, complete system privileges) are embedded in the operating system kernel. The kernel
handles all requests for system resources and mediates the access from external modules
to privileged modules when required. - The principle of least privilege
A TCB practice in which specifically relates to the segmentation of memory into protected
segments. The kernel allocates the required amount of memory for the process to load its
application code, its process data, and its application data. The system prevents user
processes from accessing another process's allocated memory. It also prevents user
processes from accessing system memory. - Hardware segmentation
A TCB practice in which process operation that is divided into layers by function. Each
layer deals with a specific activity. The lower (outer) layers perform basic tasks, whereas
the higher (inner) layers perform more complex or protected tasks. - Layering
A TCB practice in which a process that defines a specific set of permissible values for an
object and the operations that are permissible on that object. This involves ignoring or
