Corrections Test 2 with Accurate
Solutions
Jails - ANSWER-Locally operated correctional facilities.
Total Admissions - ANSWER-The total number of people admitted to jail each year.
Average Daily Population - ANSWER-Sum of the number of inmates in a jail or prison
each day for a year, divided by the total number of days in the year.
Walnut Street Jail - ANSWER-First jail in the United States
Rabble Management - ANSWER-Control of people whose noncriminal behavior is
offensive to their communities.
First Generation Jails - ANSWER-Jail with multiple-occupancy cells or dormitories that
line corridors arranged like spokes. Inmate supervision is intermittent; staff must patrol
the corridors to observe inmates in their cells. 18th Century
Second Generation Jail - ANSWER-Jail where staff remain in a secure control booth
surrounded by inmate housing areas called pods and surveillance is remote. Emerged
in the 1960s
Third Generation Jail - ANSWER-A jail where inmates are housed in small groups, or
pods, staffed 24 hours a day staffed 24 hours a day by speciially trained officers.
Emerged 1974
Fourth Generation Jail - ANSWER-Jail that incorporates natural light in to the dayroom
where staff work and inmates spend most of their day, and brings program services,
staff, volunteers, and visitors to the housing unit.
Sexual Victimization - ANSWER-All types of sexual activity, for example, oral, anal, or
vaginal penetration; handjobs; touching of the inmate's buttocks, thighs, penis, breasts,
or vagina in a sexual way; abusive sexual contacts.
Rated Capacity - ANSWER-The maximum number of beds or inmates allocated to each
jail facility by a state or local rating official.
Pay-To-Stay Jail - ANSWER-An alternative to serving time in a county jail. Offenders
convicted of minor offenses are offered privileges for a fee from $75 to $127 per day.
, Privatization - ANSWER-A contract process that shifts public functions, responsibilities,
and capital assets, in whole or in part, from the public sector to the private sector.
Reentry - ANSWER-The transition offenders make from prison or jail to the community.
Jail Accreditation - ANSWER-Process through which correctional facilities and agencies
can measure themselves against nationally adopted standards and through which they
can receive formal recognition and accredited status.
Penitentiary - ANSWER-The earliest form of large-scale incarceration. It punished
criminals by isolating them so they that they could reflect on their misdeeds, repent, and
reform.
Pennsylvania System - ANSWER-The first historical phase of prison discipline, involving
solitary confinement in silence instead of corporal punishment; conceived by the
American Quakers in1790 and implemented at the Walnut Street Jail.
Auburn System - ANSWER-The second historical phase of prison discipline,
implemented at New York's Auburn prison in 1815. It followed the Penn system and
allowed inmates to work silently together during the day, but they were isolated at night.
Eventually sleeping cells became congregate and restrictions against talking were
removed.
Penitentiary Era - ANSWER-1790-1825. Rehabilitation and deterrence.
Mass Prison Era - ANSWER-1825-1876. Incapacitation and deterrence.
John Augustus - ANSWER-Begins Probation in 1841
Reformatory - ANSWER-1876-1890. Rehabilitation.
1878 - ANSWER-First probation law is passed in Massachusetts.
Industrial Era - ANSWER-1890-1935. Incapacitation.
1899 - ANSWER-First juvenile court established in Cook County (Chicago), Illinois.
Federal Prison Industries - ANSWER-A federal, paid inmate work program and self-
supporting corporation. UNICOR
Principle of Least Eligibility - ANSWER-The requirement that prison conditions -
including the delivery of health care - must be a step below those of the working class
and people on welfare.
Operational Capacity - ANSWER-The number of inmates that a facility's staff, existing
programs, and services can accommodate.
Solutions
Jails - ANSWER-Locally operated correctional facilities.
Total Admissions - ANSWER-The total number of people admitted to jail each year.
Average Daily Population - ANSWER-Sum of the number of inmates in a jail or prison
each day for a year, divided by the total number of days in the year.
Walnut Street Jail - ANSWER-First jail in the United States
Rabble Management - ANSWER-Control of people whose noncriminal behavior is
offensive to their communities.
First Generation Jails - ANSWER-Jail with multiple-occupancy cells or dormitories that
line corridors arranged like spokes. Inmate supervision is intermittent; staff must patrol
the corridors to observe inmates in their cells. 18th Century
Second Generation Jail - ANSWER-Jail where staff remain in a secure control booth
surrounded by inmate housing areas called pods and surveillance is remote. Emerged
in the 1960s
Third Generation Jail - ANSWER-A jail where inmates are housed in small groups, or
pods, staffed 24 hours a day staffed 24 hours a day by speciially trained officers.
Emerged 1974
Fourth Generation Jail - ANSWER-Jail that incorporates natural light in to the dayroom
where staff work and inmates spend most of their day, and brings program services,
staff, volunteers, and visitors to the housing unit.
Sexual Victimization - ANSWER-All types of sexual activity, for example, oral, anal, or
vaginal penetration; handjobs; touching of the inmate's buttocks, thighs, penis, breasts,
or vagina in a sexual way; abusive sexual contacts.
Rated Capacity - ANSWER-The maximum number of beds or inmates allocated to each
jail facility by a state or local rating official.
Pay-To-Stay Jail - ANSWER-An alternative to serving time in a county jail. Offenders
convicted of minor offenses are offered privileges for a fee from $75 to $127 per day.
, Privatization - ANSWER-A contract process that shifts public functions, responsibilities,
and capital assets, in whole or in part, from the public sector to the private sector.
Reentry - ANSWER-The transition offenders make from prison or jail to the community.
Jail Accreditation - ANSWER-Process through which correctional facilities and agencies
can measure themselves against nationally adopted standards and through which they
can receive formal recognition and accredited status.
Penitentiary - ANSWER-The earliest form of large-scale incarceration. It punished
criminals by isolating them so they that they could reflect on their misdeeds, repent, and
reform.
Pennsylvania System - ANSWER-The first historical phase of prison discipline, involving
solitary confinement in silence instead of corporal punishment; conceived by the
American Quakers in1790 and implemented at the Walnut Street Jail.
Auburn System - ANSWER-The second historical phase of prison discipline,
implemented at New York's Auburn prison in 1815. It followed the Penn system and
allowed inmates to work silently together during the day, but they were isolated at night.
Eventually sleeping cells became congregate and restrictions against talking were
removed.
Penitentiary Era - ANSWER-1790-1825. Rehabilitation and deterrence.
Mass Prison Era - ANSWER-1825-1876. Incapacitation and deterrence.
John Augustus - ANSWER-Begins Probation in 1841
Reformatory - ANSWER-1876-1890. Rehabilitation.
1878 - ANSWER-First probation law is passed in Massachusetts.
Industrial Era - ANSWER-1890-1935. Incapacitation.
1899 - ANSWER-First juvenile court established in Cook County (Chicago), Illinois.
Federal Prison Industries - ANSWER-A federal, paid inmate work program and self-
supporting corporation. UNICOR
Principle of Least Eligibility - ANSWER-The requirement that prison conditions -
including the delivery of health care - must be a step below those of the working class
and people on welfare.
Operational Capacity - ANSWER-The number of inmates that a facility's staff, existing
programs, and services can accommodate.
