Straighterline Microbiology Exam
Quaestions and correct answers
Louis Pasteur - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Disproved spontaneous generation
with his flask experiment. Invented pasteurization, or heating things to destroy
microorganisms.
Jablot, Redi, Schultz, and Schwann - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Conducted
experiments supporting the hypothesis of biogenesis.
Atom - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Nucleus is made of protons and neutrons,
outer shells filled with protons. #electrons=#protons
Hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Weak, results from attractive forces
between molecules with polar covalent bonds. Not technically a bond, but super
important.
Acidic - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅low Ph, H+
Basic/Alkaline - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅high Ph, OH-
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Sugars and polysaccharides. Serve
as food storage (starch) and contribute to cell structural support (cellulose).
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Fats, Phospholipids, and Waxes.
Hydrophobic. Chill in the cell membrane reinforcing cell structure.
Poteins - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Enzymes, antibodies. Four stages in
formation. Made of amino acids
Nucleic Acid - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Cell programmers. Adenine, Guanine,
Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil.
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Double stranded. Nitrogenous base, pentose
sugar (deoxyribose) and nucleic acids (A-T, C-G)
RNA - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Single stranded. Nitrogenous base, pentose
sugar (ribose), and nucleic acid (A-U, C-G)
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Adenosine triphosphate. Adenine, ribose
(pentose sugar), and three phosphates (PO4). "currency of the cell"
Five I's of Microbe Culturing - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Innoculation,
incubation, isolation, inspection, identification.
, Pathway of magnification - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Light source-->condenser
lens (focuses light)-->specimen-->objective lens (enlarged, real image)-->ocular lens
(mirrored/ "virtual" image)-->eye
Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅cell membrane, cytoplasm,
chromosome(s), usually cell wall (with peptidoglycan), cytoskeleton, glycolax.
monotrichous flagella - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅A subtype of polar flagella. A
single flagella
Lopotrichous flagella **lo·phot·ri·chous - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Subtype of
polar flagella, tufts of flagella emerging at the same site.
Peritrichous Flagella **pe·rit·ri·chous** - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅flagella
randomly dispersed all over cell
Periplasmic Flagella/Axial Filaments - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Enclosed in
the space between cell wall and cell membrane. Twist to move the cell? It's all very
confusing.
Gram stain - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin.
G+ has thick peptidoglycan layer and stains 'blue', G- has inner and outer membrane
and stains 'red'. They don't really, it's more like purple and pink.
Mycoplasmas - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅naturally lack a cell wall
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅present in G- cell walls,
sometimes referred to as endotoxin because it stimulates shock reactions in human
hosts.
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Catalyst macromolecules. Reusable.
Provides reaction site for substrates.
Protozoa - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Generally microscopic single celled
prokaryotes. Reproduce asexually and sexually during different parts of their life
cycle.
Endoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Contains nucleus, mitochondria, and
vacuoles. Interior of protozoan.
Ectoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Involved in feeling, protection, and
locomotion. Exterior of protozoan.
Mastigophora/Zoomastigophora - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Motility: flagella
and amoeboid. If sexual reproduction then by syngamy (division by longitudinal
fission). Some parasitic and lacking mitochondria and golgi bodies. Many cyst
forming. Trypanosoma, Trichomonas, Giardia.
Quaestions and correct answers
Louis Pasteur - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Disproved spontaneous generation
with his flask experiment. Invented pasteurization, or heating things to destroy
microorganisms.
Jablot, Redi, Schultz, and Schwann - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Conducted
experiments supporting the hypothesis of biogenesis.
Atom - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Nucleus is made of protons and neutrons,
outer shells filled with protons. #electrons=#protons
Hydrogen bond - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Weak, results from attractive forces
between molecules with polar covalent bonds. Not technically a bond, but super
important.
Acidic - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅low Ph, H+
Basic/Alkaline - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅high Ph, OH-
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Sugars and polysaccharides. Serve
as food storage (starch) and contribute to cell structural support (cellulose).
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Fats, Phospholipids, and Waxes.
Hydrophobic. Chill in the cell membrane reinforcing cell structure.
Poteins - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Enzymes, antibodies. Four stages in
formation. Made of amino acids
Nucleic Acid - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Cell programmers. Adenine, Guanine,
Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil.
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Double stranded. Nitrogenous base, pentose
sugar (deoxyribose) and nucleic acids (A-T, C-G)
RNA - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Single stranded. Nitrogenous base, pentose
sugar (ribose), and nucleic acid (A-U, C-G)
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Adenosine triphosphate. Adenine, ribose
(pentose sugar), and three phosphates (PO4). "currency of the cell"
Five I's of Microbe Culturing - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Innoculation,
incubation, isolation, inspection, identification.
, Pathway of magnification - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Light source-->condenser
lens (focuses light)-->specimen-->objective lens (enlarged, real image)-->ocular lens
(mirrored/ "virtual" image)-->eye
Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅cell membrane, cytoplasm,
chromosome(s), usually cell wall (with peptidoglycan), cytoskeleton, glycolax.
monotrichous flagella - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅A subtype of polar flagella. A
single flagella
Lopotrichous flagella **lo·phot·ri·chous - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Subtype of
polar flagella, tufts of flagella emerging at the same site.
Peritrichous Flagella **pe·rit·ri·chous** - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅flagella
randomly dispersed all over cell
Periplasmic Flagella/Axial Filaments - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Enclosed in
the space between cell wall and cell membrane. Twist to move the cell? It's all very
confusing.
Gram stain - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin.
G+ has thick peptidoglycan layer and stains 'blue', G- has inner and outer membrane
and stains 'red'. They don't really, it's more like purple and pink.
Mycoplasmas - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅naturally lack a cell wall
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅present in G- cell walls,
sometimes referred to as endotoxin because it stimulates shock reactions in human
hosts.
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Catalyst macromolecules. Reusable.
Provides reaction site for substrates.
Protozoa - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Generally microscopic single celled
prokaryotes. Reproduce asexually and sexually during different parts of their life
cycle.
Endoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Contains nucleus, mitochondria, and
vacuoles. Interior of protozoan.
Ectoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Involved in feeling, protection, and
locomotion. Exterior of protozoan.
Mastigophora/Zoomastigophora - CORRECT ANSWER ✅✅✅Motility: flagella
and amoeboid. If sexual reproduction then by syngamy (division by longitudinal
fission). Some parasitic and lacking mitochondria and golgi bodies. Many cyst
forming. Trypanosoma, Trichomonas, Giardia.
