S-130 Questions and Answers Already
Passed.Distinction
Origin - Correct Answer--The area where the fire started. It is also the point from
which the fire spreads, depending on the fuels present and the effects of wind
and slope.
Head - Correct Answer--The part of a wildland fire with the greatest forward rate
of spread (ROS). The head of a fire often burns intensely and may move with
alarming speed. Some large fires may have multiple heads.
Fingers - Correct Answer--long, narrow strips of fire that extend from the main
body of a fire.
They form:
-When a fire burns into mixed fuels; slowing in heavy fuel, but spreading quickly
in light fuels
-Due to variations in terrain or wind direction
-When the head is split by natural features such as fields, water, or rock
outcroppings
Pocket - Correct Answer--The unburned area between the main fire and any
fingers.
Perimeter - Correct Answer--the outer boundary—or the distance around the
outside edge—of the burning or burned area. Also commonly called the fire
edge
Rear - Correct Answer--or heel, of a wildland fire is the end opposite the head—
that is, relatively closer to the point of origin than to the head.
Burns with low intensity
Has a low rate of spread (ROS)
Is generally easier to control than the head
,Flanks - Correct Answer--The sides of a wildland fire, roughly parallel to the
main direction of fire spread. Flanks are identified as either left or right as you
are looking from the heel of a fire toward the head.
Islands - Correct Answer--Unburned areas inside the fire perimeter. Because
they are unburned potential fuels, patrol them frequently and check for spot
fires.
Slopover - Correct Answer--Fire edge that crosses a control line. Also called
Breakover.
Natural Barrier - Correct Answer--Any area where lack of flammable material
obstructs the spread of wildland fires.
Contain - Correct Answer--To take suppression action that can reasonably be
expected to check the fire spread under prevailing and predicted conditions.
Also called Containment.
The Green - Correct Answer--Area of unburned fuels, not necessarily green in
color, adjacent to but not involved in a wildland fire.
The Black - Correct Answer--Area already burned by a wildland fire. Also called
Burn.
Rate of Speed (ROS) - Correct Answer--Fire spread is simply the movement of
the fire.
1 ft. (0.3 m)/minute = 1 chain/hour
10 ft. (3 m)/minute = 10 chains/hour
,Chain - Correct Answer--A surveying term and equals 66 ft.
Smoldering - Correct Answer--Fire is one that burns without a flame and is
barely spreading
Creeping - Correct Answer--Fire is one that burns without a flame and is barely
spreading
Running - Correct Answer--Fire is one that spreads rapidly with a well-defined
head
Backing - Correct Answer--Where the fire moves away from the head, downhill,
or against the wind
Spotting - Correct Answer--When sparks or embers produced by the main fire
are carried by winds or a convection column
Torching - Correct Answer--Periodically ignites the crown of a single or small
group of trees or shrubs before returning to the surface
Crowning - Correct Answer--When it advances across the tops of trees or
shrubs more or less independent of the surface fire
Flare-Up - Correct Answer--Any sudden acceleration in the ROS or
intensification of the fire. A flare-up is of relativity short duration and does not
radically change existing control plans.
Blowups - Correct Answer--Occurs when there's a sudden increase in ROS
sufficient to prevent or rule out direct control of the fire. A blowup will most
likely be a setback to existing suppression plans.
, Mop-Up - Correct Answer--Extinguishing or removing burning material near
control lines, felling snags, and trenching logs to prevent rolling after an area
has burned, to make a fire safe, or to reduce residual smoke.
Air Tanker - Correct Answer--Fixed-wing aircraft used to drop retardant or
water during an air attack.
Classification of Fire A-G - Correct Answer--Class A—0 to 0.2 acres (0 to 0.1 ha)
Class B—0.3 to 9.9 acres (0.2 to 4 ha)
Class C—10 to 99.9 acres (4.1 to 40.4 ha)
Class D—100 - 299.9 acres (40.5 to 121.4 ha)
Class E—300 to 999.9 acres (121.5 to 404 ha)
Class F—1,000 to 4,999.9 acres (405 to 2,024 ha)
Class G—5,000 acres (2,025 ha) or more
Fire Season - Correct Answer--Period(s) of the year during which fires are likely
to occur, spread, and damage wildland values sufficient to warrant organized
fire suppression.
Extended-Attack Fire - Correct Answer--Situation in which a fire cannot be
controlled by initial-attack resources within a reasonable period of time.
Gear Weight Limitations - Correct Answer--Total individual gear weight—65
pounds (30 kg)
Web gear weight without water—20 pounds (9 kg)
Personal gear weight—45 pounds (21 kg)
Passed.Distinction
Origin - Correct Answer--The area where the fire started. It is also the point from
which the fire spreads, depending on the fuels present and the effects of wind
and slope.
Head - Correct Answer--The part of a wildland fire with the greatest forward rate
of spread (ROS). The head of a fire often burns intensely and may move with
alarming speed. Some large fires may have multiple heads.
Fingers - Correct Answer--long, narrow strips of fire that extend from the main
body of a fire.
They form:
-When a fire burns into mixed fuels; slowing in heavy fuel, but spreading quickly
in light fuels
-Due to variations in terrain or wind direction
-When the head is split by natural features such as fields, water, or rock
outcroppings
Pocket - Correct Answer--The unburned area between the main fire and any
fingers.
Perimeter - Correct Answer--the outer boundary—or the distance around the
outside edge—of the burning or burned area. Also commonly called the fire
edge
Rear - Correct Answer--or heel, of a wildland fire is the end opposite the head—
that is, relatively closer to the point of origin than to the head.
Burns with low intensity
Has a low rate of spread (ROS)
Is generally easier to control than the head
,Flanks - Correct Answer--The sides of a wildland fire, roughly parallel to the
main direction of fire spread. Flanks are identified as either left or right as you
are looking from the heel of a fire toward the head.
Islands - Correct Answer--Unburned areas inside the fire perimeter. Because
they are unburned potential fuels, patrol them frequently and check for spot
fires.
Slopover - Correct Answer--Fire edge that crosses a control line. Also called
Breakover.
Natural Barrier - Correct Answer--Any area where lack of flammable material
obstructs the spread of wildland fires.
Contain - Correct Answer--To take suppression action that can reasonably be
expected to check the fire spread under prevailing and predicted conditions.
Also called Containment.
The Green - Correct Answer--Area of unburned fuels, not necessarily green in
color, adjacent to but not involved in a wildland fire.
The Black - Correct Answer--Area already burned by a wildland fire. Also called
Burn.
Rate of Speed (ROS) - Correct Answer--Fire spread is simply the movement of
the fire.
1 ft. (0.3 m)/minute = 1 chain/hour
10 ft. (3 m)/minute = 10 chains/hour
,Chain - Correct Answer--A surveying term and equals 66 ft.
Smoldering - Correct Answer--Fire is one that burns without a flame and is
barely spreading
Creeping - Correct Answer--Fire is one that burns without a flame and is barely
spreading
Running - Correct Answer--Fire is one that spreads rapidly with a well-defined
head
Backing - Correct Answer--Where the fire moves away from the head, downhill,
or against the wind
Spotting - Correct Answer--When sparks or embers produced by the main fire
are carried by winds or a convection column
Torching - Correct Answer--Periodically ignites the crown of a single or small
group of trees or shrubs before returning to the surface
Crowning - Correct Answer--When it advances across the tops of trees or
shrubs more or less independent of the surface fire
Flare-Up - Correct Answer--Any sudden acceleration in the ROS or
intensification of the fire. A flare-up is of relativity short duration and does not
radically change existing control plans.
Blowups - Correct Answer--Occurs when there's a sudden increase in ROS
sufficient to prevent or rule out direct control of the fire. A blowup will most
likely be a setback to existing suppression plans.
, Mop-Up - Correct Answer--Extinguishing or removing burning material near
control lines, felling snags, and trenching logs to prevent rolling after an area
has burned, to make a fire safe, or to reduce residual smoke.
Air Tanker - Correct Answer--Fixed-wing aircraft used to drop retardant or
water during an air attack.
Classification of Fire A-G - Correct Answer--Class A—0 to 0.2 acres (0 to 0.1 ha)
Class B—0.3 to 9.9 acres (0.2 to 4 ha)
Class C—10 to 99.9 acres (4.1 to 40.4 ha)
Class D—100 - 299.9 acres (40.5 to 121.4 ha)
Class E—300 to 999.9 acres (121.5 to 404 ha)
Class F—1,000 to 4,999.9 acres (405 to 2,024 ha)
Class G—5,000 acres (2,025 ha) or more
Fire Season - Correct Answer--Period(s) of the year during which fires are likely
to occur, spread, and damage wildland values sufficient to warrant organized
fire suppression.
Extended-Attack Fire - Correct Answer--Situation in which a fire cannot be
controlled by initial-attack resources within a reasonable period of time.
Gear Weight Limitations - Correct Answer--Total individual gear weight—65
pounds (30 kg)
Web gear weight without water—20 pounds (9 kg)
Personal gear weight—45 pounds (21 kg)
