TEST BANK
Essentials of Human Development: A Life-Span View
Robert V. Kail, and John C. Cavanaugh
2nd Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 The Study of Human Development 1
Chapter 02 Biological Foundations Heredity Prenatal Development and Birth 35
Chapter 03 Tools for Exploring the World Physical Perceptual and Motor Development 71
Chapter 04 The Emergence of Thought and Language Cognitive Development in Infancy
and Early Childhood 105
Chapter 05 Entering the Social World Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early
Childhood 139
Chapter 06 Off to School Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood 173
Chapter 07 Expanding Social Horizons Socioemotional Development in Middle
Childhood 207
Chapter 08 Rites of Passage Physical and Cognitive Development During Adolescence 242
Chapter 09 Moving Into the Adult Social World Socioemotional Development in
Adolescence 277
Chapter 10 Becoming an Adult Physical Cognitive and Personality Development in
Young Adulthood 311
Chapter 11 Being With Others Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood 346
Chapter 12 Work Occupational and Lifestyle Issues in Young and Middle Adulthood 381
Chapter 13 Making It in Midlife The Biopsychosocial Challenges of Middle Adulthood 416
Chapter 14 The Personal Context of Later Life Physical Cognitive and Mental Health
Issues 450
Chapter 15 Social Aspects of Later Life Psychosocial Retirement Relationship and
Societal Issuesdoc 484
Chapter 16 The Final Passage Dying and Bereavement 517
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Essentials of Human Development: A Life-Span View, 2nd Edition (Kail, 2017)
Chapter 1 — The Study of Human Development
True / False
1. Research has conclusively found that nature has a significantly greater effect on development than does nurture across
nearly all behaviors and characteristics.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 1.1 Thinking About Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.01.01 - What fundamental issues of development have scholars addressed
throughout history?
2. The continuity-discontinuity issue concerns whether there is just one path of development or several.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 1.1 Thinking About Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.01.01 - What fundamental issues of development have scholars addressed
throughout history?
3. The biopsychosocial model emphasizes that many different forces interact with each other in order to make up
development.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 1.1 Thinking About Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.01.02 - What are the basic forces in the biopsychosocial framework? How
does the timing of those forces affect their impact?
4. Neuroscientists base their studies of the brain and nervous systems exclusively on the information gleaned from brain
imaging techniques.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 1.1 Thinking About Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.01.03 - How does neuroscience enhance our understanding of human
development?
5. Erikson’s conceptualization of the epigenetic principle provides the basis for psychosocial theory’s sequence of stages.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 1.2 Developmental Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.02.02 - How do psychodynamic theories account for development?
6. The primary pioneer in the study of behaviorism was Erik Erikson.
a. True
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Essentials of Human Development: A Life-Span View, 2nd Edition (Kail, 2017)
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 1.2 Developmental Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.02.02 - How do psychodynamic theories account for development?
7. A punishment is a consequence of an action that decreases the likelihood that the action will be repeated in the future
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 1.2 Developmental Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.02.03 - What is the focus of the learning theories of development?
8. According to the information-processing theory, the human mind is analogous to a computer and contains both mental
“software” and mental “hardware.”
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 1.2 Developmental Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.02.04 - How do cognitive-developmental theories explain changes in
thinking?
9. The ecological theory of Urie Bronfenbrenner proposes that there are three interacting levels of environmental context
that influence human development.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 1.2 Developmental Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.02.05 - What are the main points in the ecological and systems approach?
10. The demands that are placed on individuals by their environment are referred to as environmental press.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 1.2 Developmental Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.02.05 - What are the main points in the ecological and systems approach?
11. The life-span perspective in human development maintains the position that most of our development is complete by
the time we finish our adolescent years.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 1.2 Developmental Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.02.06 - What are the major tenets of the life-span and the life-course
theories?
12. If you are studying flirting behavior in college students by sitting quietly at the college snack bar and watching
students as they interact with each other, all the while pretending to read a newspaper, you are engaging in a form of
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
Essentials of Human Development: A Life-Span View
Robert V. Kail, and John C. Cavanaugh
2nd Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 The Study of Human Development 1
Chapter 02 Biological Foundations Heredity Prenatal Development and Birth 35
Chapter 03 Tools for Exploring the World Physical Perceptual and Motor Development 71
Chapter 04 The Emergence of Thought and Language Cognitive Development in Infancy
and Early Childhood 105
Chapter 05 Entering the Social World Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early
Childhood 139
Chapter 06 Off to School Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood 173
Chapter 07 Expanding Social Horizons Socioemotional Development in Middle
Childhood 207
Chapter 08 Rites of Passage Physical and Cognitive Development During Adolescence 242
Chapter 09 Moving Into the Adult Social World Socioemotional Development in
Adolescence 277
Chapter 10 Becoming an Adult Physical Cognitive and Personality Development in
Young Adulthood 311
Chapter 11 Being With Others Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood 346
Chapter 12 Work Occupational and Lifestyle Issues in Young and Middle Adulthood 381
Chapter 13 Making It in Midlife The Biopsychosocial Challenges of Middle Adulthood 416
Chapter 14 The Personal Context of Later Life Physical Cognitive and Mental Health
Issues 450
Chapter 15 Social Aspects of Later Life Psychosocial Retirement Relationship and
Societal Issuesdoc 484
Chapter 16 The Final Passage Dying and Bereavement 517
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Essentials of Human Development: A Life-Span View, 2nd Edition (Kail, 2017)
Chapter 1 — The Study of Human Development
True / False
1. Research has conclusively found that nature has a significantly greater effect on development than does nurture across
nearly all behaviors and characteristics.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 1.1 Thinking About Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.01.01 - What fundamental issues of development have scholars addressed
throughout history?
2. The continuity-discontinuity issue concerns whether there is just one path of development or several.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 1.1 Thinking About Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.01.01 - What fundamental issues of development have scholars addressed
throughout history?
3. The biopsychosocial model emphasizes that many different forces interact with each other in order to make up
development.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 1.1 Thinking About Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.01.02 - What are the basic forces in the biopsychosocial framework? How
does the timing of those forces affect their impact?
4. Neuroscientists base their studies of the brain and nervous systems exclusively on the information gleaned from brain
imaging techniques.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 1.1 Thinking About Development
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.01.03 - How does neuroscience enhance our understanding of human
development?
5. Erikson’s conceptualization of the epigenetic principle provides the basis for psychosocial theory’s sequence of stages.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 1.2 Developmental Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.02.02 - How do psychodynamic theories account for development?
6. The primary pioneer in the study of behaviorism was Erik Erikson.
a. True
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Essentials of Human Development: A Life-Span View, 2nd Edition (Kail, 2017)
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 1.2 Developmental Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.02.02 - How do psychodynamic theories account for development?
7. A punishment is a consequence of an action that decreases the likelihood that the action will be repeated in the future
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 1.2 Developmental Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.02.03 - What is the focus of the learning theories of development?
8. According to the information-processing theory, the human mind is analogous to a computer and contains both mental
“software” and mental “hardware.”
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 1.2 Developmental Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.02.04 - How do cognitive-developmental theories explain changes in
thinking?
9. The ecological theory of Urie Bronfenbrenner proposes that there are three interacting levels of environmental context
that influence human development.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 1.2 Developmental Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.02.05 - What are the main points in the ecological and systems approach?
10. The demands that are placed on individuals by their environment are referred to as environmental press.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 1.2 Developmental Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.02.05 - What are the main points in the ecological and systems approach?
11. The life-span perspective in human development maintains the position that most of our development is complete by
the time we finish our adolescent years.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 1.2 Developmental Theories
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ESSE.KAIL.01.02.06 - What are the major tenets of the life-span and the life-course
theories?
12. If you are studying flirting behavior in college students by sitting quietly at the college snack bar and watching
students as they interact with each other, all the while pretending to read a newspaper, you are engaging in a form of
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
