GNUR 238 - FINAL EXAM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE 2025 RATED A+ FOR
SUCCESS.
,Enteral Feedings - ANSWERNG, J, G tubes
Gastric fluid = pH of 1-5
Bowel sounds before feed or 4-8 hours for continuous
Parenteral Feedings - ANSWERCLABSI (central line associated bloodstream infection)
Watch for:
pneumothorax
malposition
arterial laceration
air emboli
clotting/thrombosis
BG, electrolytes, EFAs
GI atrophy
liver dysfunction
infection
NPO - ANSWERnothing by mouth
Clear liquid diet - ANSWERDiet that consists of foods that are liquid at room
temperature and leave little residue in the intestine
Water, Sprite, Ginger Ale, all beverages without any residue, fat-free broth, clear juice,
Jello
Full liquid diet - ANSWERThicker at room temperature
Ice cream, fatty broth, milk, pudding, butter, PB
Soft diet - ANSWERground meat, fish, eggs, cottage cheese, avocado
Pancreatitis position - ANSWERknees to chest
Peritonitis or appendicitis position - ANSWERlie very still
Gallstone or kidney stones position - ANSWERrocking back and forth
Cullen sign - ANSWERBruising around umbilicus (pancreatitis, intraabdominal bleeding,
ectopic pregnancy)
inverted umbilicus - ANSWERincrease abdominal pressure from ascites or large mass
glistening/taut abdomen - ANSWERascites, will have dullness over the abdomen
, dilated veins from umbilicus - ANSWERportal hypertension
abdomen contour - ANSWERflat (athletic)
rounded (fat)
scaphoid (thin)
abdominal movements - ANSWERperistalsis (not usually visible)
upper midline pulsation (thin individuals)
abdominal auscultation - ANSWERLightly with diaphragm
5-30 gurgles/clicks per minute
Listen for 5 full minutes before saying absent
hypoactive bowel sounds - ANSWERparalytic ileus (after surgery)
peritonitis
hyperactive bowel sounds - ANSWERgastroenteritis
early obstruction
hunger
CVA tenderness - ANSWERcostovertebral angle
pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis
nephrolithiasis (stones)
Blumberg's sign - ANSWERRebound tenderness
Straight down & quickly remove
Sharp, stabbing pain occurs at the site of peritoneal irritation
Right Upper Quadrant Organs - ANSWERLiver
Gallbladder
Pylorus/duodenum
Head of pancreas
Right kidney/adrenal gland
Ascending/trans colon
Left Upper Quadrant Organs - ANSWERLeft lobe of liver
Spleen
Stomach
Body of pancreas
Left kidney/adrenal gland
Trans/descending colon
Right Lower Quadrant Organs - ANSWERCecum/appendix
Ascending colon
Bladder (distended)
Right ureter
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE 2025 RATED A+ FOR
SUCCESS.
,Enteral Feedings - ANSWERNG, J, G tubes
Gastric fluid = pH of 1-5
Bowel sounds before feed or 4-8 hours for continuous
Parenteral Feedings - ANSWERCLABSI (central line associated bloodstream infection)
Watch for:
pneumothorax
malposition
arterial laceration
air emboli
clotting/thrombosis
BG, electrolytes, EFAs
GI atrophy
liver dysfunction
infection
NPO - ANSWERnothing by mouth
Clear liquid diet - ANSWERDiet that consists of foods that are liquid at room
temperature and leave little residue in the intestine
Water, Sprite, Ginger Ale, all beverages without any residue, fat-free broth, clear juice,
Jello
Full liquid diet - ANSWERThicker at room temperature
Ice cream, fatty broth, milk, pudding, butter, PB
Soft diet - ANSWERground meat, fish, eggs, cottage cheese, avocado
Pancreatitis position - ANSWERknees to chest
Peritonitis or appendicitis position - ANSWERlie very still
Gallstone or kidney stones position - ANSWERrocking back and forth
Cullen sign - ANSWERBruising around umbilicus (pancreatitis, intraabdominal bleeding,
ectopic pregnancy)
inverted umbilicus - ANSWERincrease abdominal pressure from ascites or large mass
glistening/taut abdomen - ANSWERascites, will have dullness over the abdomen
, dilated veins from umbilicus - ANSWERportal hypertension
abdomen contour - ANSWERflat (athletic)
rounded (fat)
scaphoid (thin)
abdominal movements - ANSWERperistalsis (not usually visible)
upper midline pulsation (thin individuals)
abdominal auscultation - ANSWERLightly with diaphragm
5-30 gurgles/clicks per minute
Listen for 5 full minutes before saying absent
hypoactive bowel sounds - ANSWERparalytic ileus (after surgery)
peritonitis
hyperactive bowel sounds - ANSWERgastroenteritis
early obstruction
hunger
CVA tenderness - ANSWERcostovertebral angle
pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis
nephrolithiasis (stones)
Blumberg's sign - ANSWERRebound tenderness
Straight down & quickly remove
Sharp, stabbing pain occurs at the site of peritoneal irritation
Right Upper Quadrant Organs - ANSWERLiver
Gallbladder
Pylorus/duodenum
Head of pancreas
Right kidney/adrenal gland
Ascending/trans colon
Left Upper Quadrant Organs - ANSWERLeft lobe of liver
Spleen
Stomach
Body of pancreas
Left kidney/adrenal gland
Trans/descending colon
Right Lower Quadrant Organs - ANSWERCecum/appendix
Ascending colon
Bladder (distended)
Right ureter
