Test Bank for Huether and McCances Understanding
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
, dsds Pathophysiology, Canadian, 2nd Edition (Power-Kean, dsds dsds dsds dsds
2024), Chapter 1-42 | ALL Chapters dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
dsds dsds dsds
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
MULTIPLE CHOICE dsds
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
by the student?
dsds dsds dsds
a. A single circular chromosome dsds dsds dsds
b. A nucleus dsds
c. Free-floating nuclear material dsds dsds
d. No organelles dsds
ANS: B dsds
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
within its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
chromosome called a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
organelles.
dsds
REF: d s d s p. 2 dsds
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
nutrients to energy?
dsds dsds dsds
a. Metabolic absorption dsds
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: d s d s D
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
ability involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
nutrition, and secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 2 dsds
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
most of the genetic information be contained?
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm dsds
ANS: C dsds
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 2 dsds
,4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
dissolving the layer itself?
dsds dsds dsds dsds
a. Peripheral membrane proteins dsds dsds
b. Integral membrane proteins dsds dsds
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules dsds dsds
ANS: B dsds
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
integral membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
membrane. Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 7 dsds
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids dsds
d. Ligands
ANS: D dsds
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 9 dsds
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
dsds in the extracellular matrix would s uNp p oRr t t hIe dG
dsds dsds iagnBo.
siC
s ofM
metastatic cancer? dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
dsds dsds dsds
a. Decreased fibronectin dsds
b. Increased collagen dsds
c. Decreased elastin dsds
d. Increased glycoproteins dsds
ANS: A dsds
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells,
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
allowing them to travel or metastasize.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 10 dsds
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
contact?
dsds
a. Cell junction dsds
b. Gap junction dsds
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction dsds
ANS: A dsds
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
junctions are associated with cellular communication.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 11 dsds
, 8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
signaling types?
dsds dsds
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A dsds
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
taken up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
the secretion of glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
associated with a local chemical mediator like insulin.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 12 dsds
9. In dsds cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B dsds
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
product of the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s d s d s p. 16 dsds
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
contract. The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C dsds
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
are involved in muscle contraction.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 16 dsds
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle dsds dsds
ANS: D dsds
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
is generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
, dsds Pathophysiology, Canadian, 2nd Edition (Power-Kean, dsds dsds dsds dsds
2024), Chapter 1-42 | ALL Chapters dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
dsds dsds dsds
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
MULTIPLE CHOICE dsds
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
by the student?
dsds dsds dsds
a. A single circular chromosome dsds dsds dsds
b. A nucleus dsds
c. Free-floating nuclear material dsds dsds
d. No organelles dsds
ANS: B dsds
The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
within its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
chromosome called a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
organelles.
dsds
REF: d s d s p. 2 dsds
2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
nutrients to energy?
dsds dsds dsds
a. Metabolic absorption dsds
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS: d s d s D
The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
ability involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
nutrition, and secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 2 dsds
3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
most of the genetic information be contained?
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleus Cytoplasm dsds
ANS: C dsds
The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
fluid filling that is a component of the cell.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 2 dsds
,4. Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
dissolving the layer itself?
dsds dsds dsds dsds
a. Peripheral membrane proteins dsds dsds
b. Integral membrane proteins dsds dsds
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cell adhesion molecules dsds dsds
ANS: B dsds
Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
integral membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
membrane. Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 7 dsds
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathic lipids dsds
d. Ligands
ANS: D dsds
Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 9 dsds
6. A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
dsds in the extracellular matrix would s uNp p oRr t t hIe dG
dsds dsds iagnBo.
siC
s ofM
metastatic cancer? dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
dsds dsds dsds
a. Decreased fibronectin dsds
b. Increased collagen dsds
c. Decreased elastin dsds
d. Increased glycoproteins dsds
ANS: A dsds
Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells,
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
allowing them to travel or metastasize.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 10 dsds
7. Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
contact?
dsds
a. Cell junction dsds
b. Gap junction dsds
c. Desmosome
d. Tight junction dsds
ANS: A dsds
Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
junctions are associated with cellular communication.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 11 dsds
, 8. Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
signaling types?
dsds dsds
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS: A dsds
Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
taken up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
the secretion of glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
associated with a local chemical mediator like insulin.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 12 dsds
9. In dsds cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS: B dsds
Each enzyme has a high affinity for a substrate, a specific substance converted to a
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
product of the reaction. Cellular metabolism is not dependent on an attraction
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
between an enzyme and any of the remaining options.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s d s d s p. 16 dsds
10. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
contract. The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C dsds
When ATP is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results. None of the other options
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
are involved in muscle contraction.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
REF: d s d s p. 16 dsds
11. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle dsds dsds
ANS: D dsds
While some ATP is produced during the oxidation and glycolysis phases, most of the ATP
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
is generated during the citric acid cycle. Digestion does not produce any ATP.
dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds dsds
