BIO 1108 UCONN FINAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
genetic variation - CORRECT-ANSWERS- refers to differences in DNA sequences
_________ are much more variable than humans - CORRECT-ANSWERS- fruit flies
patterns of genetic variation can be described by ____________ - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
allele frequencies
What can cause genetic variation? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- a mutation
two types of mutations - CORRECT-ANSWERS- somatic and germ-line
mutations can be ___________ - CORRECT-ANSWERS- deleterious, neutral, or
advantageous
recombination - CORRECT-ANSWERS- gives new combinations not present in the parent
population
allele frequency - CORRECT-ANSWERS- # of copies of an allele / total # of alleles in a
population
,What is the frequency of a in this population?
50% aa 25 % Aa 25% aa - CORRECT-ANSWERS- 62.5%
Evolution - CORRECT-ANSWERS- a change in the frequency of alleles or genotypes in a
population over time
How do we measure "change" in the frequency of alleles or genotypes in a population over time?
(3 methods) - CORRECT-ANSWERS- - observable physical traits
- relative size of genes (gel electrophoresis)
- specific genetic code (DNA sequencing)
What is our baseline to compare against when determining if evolutionary change is significant?
- CORRECT-ANSWERS- Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model
Conditions of HW Equilibrium (five) - CORRECT-ANSWERS- - no differential survival or
reproductive success of individuals
- no migration
- no mutation
- large population size
- no mate choice
, Natural Selection leads to __________ , which enhance the fit between an organism and its
environment - CORRECT-ANSWERS- adaptations
Natural selection can be ___________, ____________, or _____________ - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- positive, negative, or balancing
natural selection - CORRECT-ANSWERS- the change in an allele's frequency over time
based on that particular allele's impact on survival and reproduction
Natural selection occurs when individuals with certain traits ____________ ________
____________ than do individuals without those traits. - CORRECT-ANSWERS- produce
more offspring
heterozygote advantage - CORRECT-ANSWERS- case where the fitness of the heterozygote
is superior to that of the homozygote
3 kinds of natural selection - CORRECT-ANSWERS- stabilizing selection, directional
selection, disruptive selection
stabilizing selection - CORRECT-ANSWERS- selects against both extremes
directional selection - CORRECT-ANSWERS- selects against one of the two extremes
disruptive selection - CORRECT-ANSWERS- selects against the mean
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
genetic variation - CORRECT-ANSWERS- refers to differences in DNA sequences
_________ are much more variable than humans - CORRECT-ANSWERS- fruit flies
patterns of genetic variation can be described by ____________ - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
allele frequencies
What can cause genetic variation? - CORRECT-ANSWERS- a mutation
two types of mutations - CORRECT-ANSWERS- somatic and germ-line
mutations can be ___________ - CORRECT-ANSWERS- deleterious, neutral, or
advantageous
recombination - CORRECT-ANSWERS- gives new combinations not present in the parent
population
allele frequency - CORRECT-ANSWERS- # of copies of an allele / total # of alleles in a
population
,What is the frequency of a in this population?
50% aa 25 % Aa 25% aa - CORRECT-ANSWERS- 62.5%
Evolution - CORRECT-ANSWERS- a change in the frequency of alleles or genotypes in a
population over time
How do we measure "change" in the frequency of alleles or genotypes in a population over time?
(3 methods) - CORRECT-ANSWERS- - observable physical traits
- relative size of genes (gel electrophoresis)
- specific genetic code (DNA sequencing)
What is our baseline to compare against when determining if evolutionary change is significant?
- CORRECT-ANSWERS- Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model
Conditions of HW Equilibrium (five) - CORRECT-ANSWERS- - no differential survival or
reproductive success of individuals
- no migration
- no mutation
- large population size
- no mate choice
, Natural Selection leads to __________ , which enhance the fit between an organism and its
environment - CORRECT-ANSWERS- adaptations
Natural selection can be ___________, ____________, or _____________ - CORRECT-
ANSWERS- positive, negative, or balancing
natural selection - CORRECT-ANSWERS- the change in an allele's frequency over time
based on that particular allele's impact on survival and reproduction
Natural selection occurs when individuals with certain traits ____________ ________
____________ than do individuals without those traits. - CORRECT-ANSWERS- produce
more offspring
heterozygote advantage - CORRECT-ANSWERS- case where the fitness of the heterozygote
is superior to that of the homozygote
3 kinds of natural selection - CORRECT-ANSWERS- stabilizing selection, directional
selection, disruptive selection
stabilizing selection - CORRECT-ANSWERS- selects against both extremes
directional selection - CORRECT-ANSWERS- selects against one of the two extremes
disruptive selection - CORRECT-ANSWERS- selects against the mean
