GNRS 582A - Pathophysiology Exam
questions with correct answers
Atrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Decrease |in |cell |size |(organ |or |tissue)
Physiologic |atrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Occurs |with |early |development; |ex. |thymus |involution
Pathologic |atrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Results |from |changes |in |workload |(disuse), |pressure, |
blood |supply, |nutrition, |hormonal |and |nervous |stimulation
Hypertrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Increase |in |cell |size |(tissue/organ) |--> |increases |size |of |affected |
organ
Compensatory |hypertrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Reversible |change. |Ex. |Kidneys |- |when |one |is |
removed, |the |other |will |adapt |and |will |have |an |increase |in |size |of |organ |and |cells
Physiologic |hypertrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Reversible |change. |Response |to |increased |
mechanical |load/stress
Ex. |cardiac |and |skeletal |muscles |of |an |athlete
Pathologic |hypertrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Irreversible |change. |Associated |with |increased |
interstitial |fibrosis |and |abnormal |cardiac |functions
Ex. |heart |- |may |involve |structural |& |functional |manifestations |secondary |to: |HTN, |CAD, |Valvular |
disease |(stressors)
Which |of |the |following |only |occurs |in |non-dividing |cells |(e.g. |myocardial |fibers)?
a. |Hyperplasia
, b. |Hypertrophy
c. |Atrophy
d. |Pathologic |Atrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-b. |Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Increase |in |cell |number |due |to |increase |rate |of |cellular |division
Which |of |the |following |can |occur |together |in |cells |that |can |synthesize |DNA?
A. |Hyperplasia |and |Atrophy
B. |Atrophy |and |Disuse
C. |Hypertrophy |and |Hyperplasia
D. |Pathologic |Hypertrophy |and |Disuse |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-C. |Hypertrophy |and |Hyperplasia
Metaplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Reversible |replacement |of |one |mature |cell |by |another |mature |cell
Ex. |Tissue |damage |and |inflammation
Metaplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Not |always |a |beneficial |change |due |to |possible |harmful |effects |of |
the |new |mature |cells
Ex. |Cigarette |smoker |and |GERD
Dysplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Abnormal |changes |in |shape, |size, |organization, |and |nuclear |
features |of |mature |cells. |Always |pathologic |and |not |an |indication |of |cancer |but |can |lead |to |one
Another |term |for |dysplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Atypical |hyperplasia
Which |type |of |cell |or |organ |change |is |always |pathologic?
A. |Atrophy
questions with correct answers
Atrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Decrease |in |cell |size |(organ |or |tissue)
Physiologic |atrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Occurs |with |early |development; |ex. |thymus |involution
Pathologic |atrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Results |from |changes |in |workload |(disuse), |pressure, |
blood |supply, |nutrition, |hormonal |and |nervous |stimulation
Hypertrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Increase |in |cell |size |(tissue/organ) |--> |increases |size |of |affected |
organ
Compensatory |hypertrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Reversible |change. |Ex. |Kidneys |- |when |one |is |
removed, |the |other |will |adapt |and |will |have |an |increase |in |size |of |organ |and |cells
Physiologic |hypertrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Reversible |change. |Response |to |increased |
mechanical |load/stress
Ex. |cardiac |and |skeletal |muscles |of |an |athlete
Pathologic |hypertrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Irreversible |change. |Associated |with |increased |
interstitial |fibrosis |and |abnormal |cardiac |functions
Ex. |heart |- |may |involve |structural |& |functional |manifestations |secondary |to: |HTN, |CAD, |Valvular |
disease |(stressors)
Which |of |the |following |only |occurs |in |non-dividing |cells |(e.g. |myocardial |fibers)?
a. |Hyperplasia
, b. |Hypertrophy
c. |Atrophy
d. |Pathologic |Atrophy |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-b. |Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Increase |in |cell |number |due |to |increase |rate |of |cellular |division
Which |of |the |following |can |occur |together |in |cells |that |can |synthesize |DNA?
A. |Hyperplasia |and |Atrophy
B. |Atrophy |and |Disuse
C. |Hypertrophy |and |Hyperplasia
D. |Pathologic |Hypertrophy |and |Disuse |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-C. |Hypertrophy |and |Hyperplasia
Metaplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Reversible |replacement |of |one |mature |cell |by |another |mature |cell
Ex. |Tissue |damage |and |inflammation
Metaplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Not |always |a |beneficial |change |due |to |possible |harmful |effects |of |
the |new |mature |cells
Ex. |Cigarette |smoker |and |GERD
Dysplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Abnormal |changes |in |shape, |size, |organization, |and |nuclear |
features |of |mature |cells. |Always |pathologic |and |not |an |indication |of |cancer |but |can |lead |to |one
Another |term |for |dysplasia |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Atypical |hyperplasia
Which |type |of |cell |or |organ |change |is |always |pathologic?
A. |Atrophy
