PSY 3361 EXAM STUDY 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025(A+ GRADED)
Which term or phrase is closest in meaning to the term "cognition" - ANSWER-Mental
activity
Suppose that you are writing a paper about cognitive processes in people who are
depressed. Which of the following topics would be most relevant for your paper? -
ANSWER-The ability of depressed individuals to recall people's names
Chapter 1 of your textbook discusses the status of cognitive psychology. According to this
discussion, the cognitive approach - ANSWER-Can explain a major part of your daily
experiences
Suppose that your professor tells you that you must locate a journal article about cognitive
psychology that presents empirical evidence. You should look for an article that -
ANSWER-Emphasizes evidence collected in experiments
The philosopher.... can be called the first cognitive psychologist, because he examines
topics such as memory and perception and emphasized the importance of empirical
evidence - ANSWER-Aristotle
When researchers use the introspection technique - ANSWER-people report their
sensations as accurately as possible
The primary contribution of Herman Ebbinghaus to current cognitive psychology was -
ANSWER-research about factors that might influence human memory
Based on the information in Chapter 1, how would you describe the approach of William
James - ANSWER-He emphasized the kinds of psychological experiences that people
encounter in their everyday lives
According to the discussion in Chapter 1, behaviorism places the most emphasis on -
ANSWER-Observable activities
Which of the following students provides the most accurate summary of the behaviorists'
contributions to cognitive psychology - ANSWER-the most important contributions of the
behaviorists were related ti research methodology
According to discussion about the rise of cognitive psychology - ANSWER-Enthusiasm
for behaviorism decreased because it was difficult to explain complex human behavior
using only the concepts from learning theory
,The "father of cognitive psychology" and first person to use the term "cognitive
psychology" - ANSWER-Ulric Neisser
Which of the following interests us shared by researchers within the discipline of cognitive
science - ANSWER-Internal representations of the world
The term "pure AI" refers to - ANSWER-an approach that attempts to accomplish a task
as efficiently as possible
According to Chapter 1, in your textbook, the computer-simulation method - ANSWER-
Tries to create a program that performs a cognitive task in the same way that humans
would perform it (i.e., including the mistakes that a person may make along the way)
A cognitive psychologist who analyzes a cognitive task in terms of a series of stages- like
the way a computer operates- is using which of the following approaches? - ANSWER-
The information- processing approach
Why are cognitive psychologists less interested in the information-[processing approach
than they in earlier years? - ANSWER-They now realize that complexity of human thinking
requires more sophisticated models
According to your textbook, research in cognitive neuroscience - ANSWER-Often obtains
brain images while people are working on cognitive task.
According to the discussion of cognitive neurosciences, the PET-scan technique -
ANSWER-Measures blood flow in the brain
In contrast to a PET scan, the fMRI technique can often inform researchers of precisely
what a person is thinking - ANSWER-False
A researcher wanted to study how people's attention shifts when they see a visual
stimulus in an unexpected portion of a screen that they are viewing; this attention shift
occurs in just a fraction of a second. which of the following techniques is this researcher
most likely to use? - ANSWER-The event-potential technique (ERP)
Some cognitive neuroscientists study brain lesions to learn more about brain functions.
However, a major problem with this technique is that - ANSWER-The brain damage may
extend into several areas of the brain
Cognitive psychologists emphasize individual differences more than in earlier decades -
ANSWER-True
First experimental psychology lab - ANSWER-Wilhelm Wundt
attempts to understand human consciousness by examining its underlying components -
ANSWER-Structuralism
, He used letters and showed them until he remember them - ANSWER-What kind of
experiment did Ebbinghaus conduct?
We forget things over time - ANSWER-Forgetting Curve
First psychology class and Principles of Psychology - ANSWER-William James
Theory about the nature of mental states - ANSWER-Functionalism
The environment effects behavior - ANSWER-John Watson
Experimental controls - ANSWER-Operational definition
Lasting contributions of behaviorism - ANSWER-moving beyond introspection
What does the Gestalt Approach emphasize - ANSWER-Limiting research to only directly
observable processes
A dialogue between 2 different people with different points of view - ANSWER-Dialectical
processes
Factors that influences cognitive revolution - ANSWER-Children's thought process
He argued that Behaviorist principles not adequate to explain language development -
ANSWER-Noam Chomsky
lab-based research - ANSWER-Lab setting
Ecologically valid research - ANSWER-Depends on the environment
cognitive science - ANSWER-integrative science
Creating models that show "intelligent behavior" - ANSWER-Artificial Intelligence
To help explain cognitive process - ANSWER-What is the significance of the computer
metaphor
Allows only one object to be processed at a time - ANSWER-What is serial processing
Models that depict cognition as a network of connections among many processing units
- ANSWER-The connectionist approach
spreading activation - ANSWER-Parallel Processing
Shape of skull as inactive of certain traits - ANSWER-Phrenology
2025(A+ GRADED)
Which term or phrase is closest in meaning to the term "cognition" - ANSWER-Mental
activity
Suppose that you are writing a paper about cognitive processes in people who are
depressed. Which of the following topics would be most relevant for your paper? -
ANSWER-The ability of depressed individuals to recall people's names
Chapter 1 of your textbook discusses the status of cognitive psychology. According to this
discussion, the cognitive approach - ANSWER-Can explain a major part of your daily
experiences
Suppose that your professor tells you that you must locate a journal article about cognitive
psychology that presents empirical evidence. You should look for an article that -
ANSWER-Emphasizes evidence collected in experiments
The philosopher.... can be called the first cognitive psychologist, because he examines
topics such as memory and perception and emphasized the importance of empirical
evidence - ANSWER-Aristotle
When researchers use the introspection technique - ANSWER-people report their
sensations as accurately as possible
The primary contribution of Herman Ebbinghaus to current cognitive psychology was -
ANSWER-research about factors that might influence human memory
Based on the information in Chapter 1, how would you describe the approach of William
James - ANSWER-He emphasized the kinds of psychological experiences that people
encounter in their everyday lives
According to the discussion in Chapter 1, behaviorism places the most emphasis on -
ANSWER-Observable activities
Which of the following students provides the most accurate summary of the behaviorists'
contributions to cognitive psychology - ANSWER-the most important contributions of the
behaviorists were related ti research methodology
According to discussion about the rise of cognitive psychology - ANSWER-Enthusiasm
for behaviorism decreased because it was difficult to explain complex human behavior
using only the concepts from learning theory
,The "father of cognitive psychology" and first person to use the term "cognitive
psychology" - ANSWER-Ulric Neisser
Which of the following interests us shared by researchers within the discipline of cognitive
science - ANSWER-Internal representations of the world
The term "pure AI" refers to - ANSWER-an approach that attempts to accomplish a task
as efficiently as possible
According to Chapter 1, in your textbook, the computer-simulation method - ANSWER-
Tries to create a program that performs a cognitive task in the same way that humans
would perform it (i.e., including the mistakes that a person may make along the way)
A cognitive psychologist who analyzes a cognitive task in terms of a series of stages- like
the way a computer operates- is using which of the following approaches? - ANSWER-
The information- processing approach
Why are cognitive psychologists less interested in the information-[processing approach
than they in earlier years? - ANSWER-They now realize that complexity of human thinking
requires more sophisticated models
According to your textbook, research in cognitive neuroscience - ANSWER-Often obtains
brain images while people are working on cognitive task.
According to the discussion of cognitive neurosciences, the PET-scan technique -
ANSWER-Measures blood flow in the brain
In contrast to a PET scan, the fMRI technique can often inform researchers of precisely
what a person is thinking - ANSWER-False
A researcher wanted to study how people's attention shifts when they see a visual
stimulus in an unexpected portion of a screen that they are viewing; this attention shift
occurs in just a fraction of a second. which of the following techniques is this researcher
most likely to use? - ANSWER-The event-potential technique (ERP)
Some cognitive neuroscientists study brain lesions to learn more about brain functions.
However, a major problem with this technique is that - ANSWER-The brain damage may
extend into several areas of the brain
Cognitive psychologists emphasize individual differences more than in earlier decades -
ANSWER-True
First experimental psychology lab - ANSWER-Wilhelm Wundt
attempts to understand human consciousness by examining its underlying components -
ANSWER-Structuralism
, He used letters and showed them until he remember them - ANSWER-What kind of
experiment did Ebbinghaus conduct?
We forget things over time - ANSWER-Forgetting Curve
First psychology class and Principles of Psychology - ANSWER-William James
Theory about the nature of mental states - ANSWER-Functionalism
The environment effects behavior - ANSWER-John Watson
Experimental controls - ANSWER-Operational definition
Lasting contributions of behaviorism - ANSWER-moving beyond introspection
What does the Gestalt Approach emphasize - ANSWER-Limiting research to only directly
observable processes
A dialogue between 2 different people with different points of view - ANSWER-Dialectical
processes
Factors that influences cognitive revolution - ANSWER-Children's thought process
He argued that Behaviorist principles not adequate to explain language development -
ANSWER-Noam Chomsky
lab-based research - ANSWER-Lab setting
Ecologically valid research - ANSWER-Depends on the environment
cognitive science - ANSWER-integrative science
Creating models that show "intelligent behavior" - ANSWER-Artificial Intelligence
To help explain cognitive process - ANSWER-What is the significance of the computer
metaphor
Allows only one object to be processed at a time - ANSWER-What is serial processing
Models that depict cognition as a network of connections among many processing units
- ANSWER-The connectionist approach
spreading activation - ANSWER-Parallel Processing
Shape of skull as inactive of certain traits - ANSWER-Phrenology
