GUARANTEED PASS
Which pelvic shapes are difficult? Android and platypelloid
4 stages of labor 1. labor
- early/latent
- active
- transition
2. fully dilated (pushing) - birth
3. birth - placenta
4. 1-4 hours post partum
1. Labor stages (3) 1. early/latent
2. active
3. transitional
1. Early/latent phase - 0-3 cm/0-40%
- regular, mild contraction
- increase in intensity and frequency
- dilation and effacement begin
- if in hospital FHR auscultated q 4
- exciting, relief, some anxiety
2. Active phase 4-7 cm/40-80%
- contractions become longer and stronger
, - form regular pattern
- pain increases
- nurse is expected to auscultate FHR q 15-30 min
- fear, anxiety increases
3. Transitional phase 8-10 cm/80-100%
- stronger, powerful, and efficient contractions
- cervical dilation complete
- fetus rapidly descends into birth passage
- rectal pressure
- urge to bear down
- N&V
- FHR q 15-30 min
- eagerness, irritable, increased need for support
2. Pushing/expulsion - urge to push increases, becomes uncontrollable (for some)
- perineum begins to bulge, flatten & move anteriorly
- minutes to several hours of pushing
- perineal stretching/burning
- FHR auscultated after q contraction
3. Placental delivery/explosion - time baby is born to when placenta is delivered
- oxytocin push w/ anterior shoulder aid separation of placental from uterine wall
Indications of placental delivery:
1. lengthening of the umbilical cord
2. sudden gush of blood