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Samenvatting Scheikunde H7

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Scheikunde




Door: Benthe Piena
Vwo 6

, 7.1 pH
Manieren op de pH van een oplossing te bepalen:

• Zuur-base-indicatoren
- Er is een overgangsgebied.
- Hoe meer indicatoren, hoe nauwkeuriger de pH.
• pH-papier
• pH-meter
- Kan tot twee decimalen nauwkeurig.


In BiNaS 45A staan de zuur-base-indicatoren.


7.2 Zuren en zure oplossingen
Eigenschappen zure oplossingen:

• Ze hebben een pH kleiner dan 7.
• Ze kleuren rood net zoals rodekool.
• Ze geleiden stroom.
• Ze reageren met magnesium waarbij waterstof ontstaat.


Een zuur dat oplost in water, breekt op in losse ionen.
- Een zuur heeft ook een zuurrest-ion.

H3O+ (aq) ion komt in alle zure oplossing voor.

Formule Naam Formule zuurrest-ion Naam zuurrest-ion
HCl Waterstofchloride Cl- Chloride
CH3COOH Ethaan/azijnzuur CH3COO- Ethanoaat/acetaat
HNO3 Salpeterzuur NO3- Nitraat
H2CO3 Koolzuur HCO3- Waterstofcarbonaat
H2SO4 Zwavelzuur HSO4- Waterstofsulfaat
H3PO4 Fosforzuur H2PO4- Diwaterstoffosfaat

Je hebt sterke zuren en zwakke zuren.

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