Bio 1108 UCONN Final Exam Question
With Verified Answers
genetic nvariation n- nAnswer n- nrefers nto ndifferences nin nDNA nsequences
_________ nare nmuch nmore nvariable nthan nhumans n- nAnswer n- nfruit nflies
patterns nof ngenetic nvariation ncan nbe ndescribed nby n____________ n- nAnswer n- nallele nfrequencies
What ncan ncause ngenetic nvariation? n- nAnswer n- na nmutation
two ntypes nof nmutations n- nAnswer n- nsomatic nand ngerm nline
mutations ncan nbe n___________ n- nAnswer n- ndeleterious, nneutral, nor nadvantageous
recombination n- nAnswer n- ngives nnew ncombinations nnot npresent nin nthe nparent npopulation
allele nfrequency n- nAnswer n- n# nof ncopies nof nan nallele n/ ntotal n# nof nalleles nin na npopulation
What nis nthe nfrequency nof na nin nthis npopulation?
50% naa n25 n% nAa n25% naa n- nAnswer n- n62.5%
Evolution n- nAnswer n- na nchange nin nthe nfrequency nof nalleles nor ngenotypes nin na npopulation nover
ntime
,How ndo nwe nmeasure n"change" nin nthe nfrequency nof nalleles nor ngenotypes nin na npopulation nover
ntime? n(3 nmethods) n- nAnswer n- n- nobservable nphysical ntraits
- nrelative nsize nof ngenes n(gel nelectrophoresis)
- nspecific ngenetic ncode n(DNA nsequencing)
What nis nour nbaseline nto ncompare nagainst nwhen ndetermining nif nevolutionary nchange nis
nsignificant? n- nAnswer n- nHardy-Weinberg nEquilibrium nModel
Conditions nof nHW nEquilibrium n(five) n- nAnswer n- n- nno ndifferential nsurvival nor nreproductive
nsuccess nof nindividuals
- nno nmigration
- nno nmutation
- nlarge npopulation nsize
- nno nmate nchoice
Natural nSelection nleads nto n__________ n, nwhich nenhance nthe nfit nbetween nan norganism nand nits
nenvironment n- nAnswer n- nadaptations
Natural nselection ncan nbe n___________, n____________, nor n_____________ n- nAnswer n- npositive,
nnegative, nor nbalancing
natural nselection n- nAnswer n- nthe nchange nin nan nallele's nfrequency nover ntime nbased non nthat
nparticular nallele's nimpact non nsurvival nand nreproduction
Natural nselection noccurs nwhen nindividuals nwith ncertain ntraits n____________ n________
n____________ nthan ndo nindividuals nwithout nthose ntraits. n- nAnswer n- nproduce nmore noffspring
heterozygote nadvantage n- nAnswer n- ncase nwhere nthe nfitness nof nthe nheterozygote nis nsuperior nto
nthat nof nthe nhomozygote
3 nkinds nof nnatural nselection n- nAnswer n- nstabilizing nselection, ndirectional nselection, ndisruptive
nselection
, stabilizing nselection n- nAnswer n- nselects nagainst nboth nextremes
directional nselection n- nAnswer n- nselects nagainst none nof nthe ntwo nextremes
disruptive nselection n- nAnswer n- nselects nagainst nthe nmean
artificial nselection n- nAnswer n- nselection nby na nbreeder nrather nthan nby ncompetition
____________, n_______________, n____________ n__________, nand n_________________
n_____________ nare nnon nadaptive nmechanisms nof nevolution n- nAnswer n- nmigration, nmutation,
ngenetic ndrift, nnon-random nmating
small npopulations nhave nproblems nwith n______ nbecause nrandom nevents nhave na
ndisproportionately nheavy nimpact n- nAnswer n- ndrift
genetic ndrift n- nAnswer n- na nrandom nchange nin nallele nfrequency
drift nleads nto nloss n(or ngain) nof n___________ n___________ nand ntherefore na ndecrease n(or
nincrease) nin n_____________ n- nAnswer n- nrandom nalleles, navailability
2 nexamples nof ndrift n- nAnswer n- nfounder neffect nand npopulation nbottleneck
genetic ndrift ncan nbe ncaused nby nany nevent nor nprocess nthat ninvolves n___________ n__________,
nnot njust nthe nsampling nof ngametes nthat noccurs nduring nfertilization n- nAnswer n- nsampling nerror
founder nevent n- nAnswer n- noccurs nwhen na ngroup nstarts na nnew npopulation nin na nnew narea
Especially nin nsmall ngroups, nallele nfrequencies nprobably ndiffer nfrom nthe nsource npopulation; nthis
nchange nin nallele nfrequencies nis ncalled na n_____________ n__________ n- nAnswer n- nfounder neffect
With Verified Answers
genetic nvariation n- nAnswer n- nrefers nto ndifferences nin nDNA nsequences
_________ nare nmuch nmore nvariable nthan nhumans n- nAnswer n- nfruit nflies
patterns nof ngenetic nvariation ncan nbe ndescribed nby n____________ n- nAnswer n- nallele nfrequencies
What ncan ncause ngenetic nvariation? n- nAnswer n- na nmutation
two ntypes nof nmutations n- nAnswer n- nsomatic nand ngerm nline
mutations ncan nbe n___________ n- nAnswer n- ndeleterious, nneutral, nor nadvantageous
recombination n- nAnswer n- ngives nnew ncombinations nnot npresent nin nthe nparent npopulation
allele nfrequency n- nAnswer n- n# nof ncopies nof nan nallele n/ ntotal n# nof nalleles nin na npopulation
What nis nthe nfrequency nof na nin nthis npopulation?
50% naa n25 n% nAa n25% naa n- nAnswer n- n62.5%
Evolution n- nAnswer n- na nchange nin nthe nfrequency nof nalleles nor ngenotypes nin na npopulation nover
ntime
,How ndo nwe nmeasure n"change" nin nthe nfrequency nof nalleles nor ngenotypes nin na npopulation nover
ntime? n(3 nmethods) n- nAnswer n- n- nobservable nphysical ntraits
- nrelative nsize nof ngenes n(gel nelectrophoresis)
- nspecific ngenetic ncode n(DNA nsequencing)
What nis nour nbaseline nto ncompare nagainst nwhen ndetermining nif nevolutionary nchange nis
nsignificant? n- nAnswer n- nHardy-Weinberg nEquilibrium nModel
Conditions nof nHW nEquilibrium n(five) n- nAnswer n- n- nno ndifferential nsurvival nor nreproductive
nsuccess nof nindividuals
- nno nmigration
- nno nmutation
- nlarge npopulation nsize
- nno nmate nchoice
Natural nSelection nleads nto n__________ n, nwhich nenhance nthe nfit nbetween nan norganism nand nits
nenvironment n- nAnswer n- nadaptations
Natural nselection ncan nbe n___________, n____________, nor n_____________ n- nAnswer n- npositive,
nnegative, nor nbalancing
natural nselection n- nAnswer n- nthe nchange nin nan nallele's nfrequency nover ntime nbased non nthat
nparticular nallele's nimpact non nsurvival nand nreproduction
Natural nselection noccurs nwhen nindividuals nwith ncertain ntraits n____________ n________
n____________ nthan ndo nindividuals nwithout nthose ntraits. n- nAnswer n- nproduce nmore noffspring
heterozygote nadvantage n- nAnswer n- ncase nwhere nthe nfitness nof nthe nheterozygote nis nsuperior nto
nthat nof nthe nhomozygote
3 nkinds nof nnatural nselection n- nAnswer n- nstabilizing nselection, ndirectional nselection, ndisruptive
nselection
, stabilizing nselection n- nAnswer n- nselects nagainst nboth nextremes
directional nselection n- nAnswer n- nselects nagainst none nof nthe ntwo nextremes
disruptive nselection n- nAnswer n- nselects nagainst nthe nmean
artificial nselection n- nAnswer n- nselection nby na nbreeder nrather nthan nby ncompetition
____________, n_______________, n____________ n__________, nand n_________________
n_____________ nare nnon nadaptive nmechanisms nof nevolution n- nAnswer n- nmigration, nmutation,
ngenetic ndrift, nnon-random nmating
small npopulations nhave nproblems nwith n______ nbecause nrandom nevents nhave na
ndisproportionately nheavy nimpact n- nAnswer n- ndrift
genetic ndrift n- nAnswer n- na nrandom nchange nin nallele nfrequency
drift nleads nto nloss n(or ngain) nof n___________ n___________ nand ntherefore na ndecrease n(or
nincrease) nin n_____________ n- nAnswer n- nrandom nalleles, navailability
2 nexamples nof ndrift n- nAnswer n- nfounder neffect nand npopulation nbottleneck
genetic ndrift ncan nbe ncaused nby nany nevent nor nprocess nthat ninvolves n___________ n__________,
nnot njust nthe nsampling nof ngametes nthat noccurs nduring nfertilization n- nAnswer n- nsampling nerror
founder nevent n- nAnswer n- noccurs nwhen na ngroup nstarts na nnew npopulation nin na nnew narea
Especially nin nsmall ngroups, nallele nfrequencies nprobably ndiffer nfrom nthe nsource npopulation; nthis
nchange nin nallele nfrequencies nis ncalled na n_____________ n__________ n- nAnswer n- nfounder neffect
