PROGRESSIVE/REGRESSIVE
To what extent is nationalism a progressive/regressive ideology
POINT: Conservative/expansionist nationalism progressive
EVIDENCE:
- Brexit and UKIP- forward looking to a better Britain
- Protectionism economically is liberation from accepted order
- Expansionism- economic progression through exploitation, “civilising” other
nations may be justified as progressive
COUNTERPOINT: Not progressive
EVIDENCE:
- Anti multicultural- harks back to a time of cultural homogeneity before
migration and globalisation (Powell)
- Ethnicity, history and culture as basis of nation (Herder volksgeist)
- Common traditional institutions (monarchy and church) provided social
order. Use of nationalism to promote national pride and loyalty to existing
hierarchies and institutions
- Nation precedes state
- Expansionism very regressive- harks back to a mythological character of a
nation based on imperial strength, empire. (Maurras harking back to the
“golden age” of French monarchy)
JUDGEMENT: Regressive
POINT: Anti colonialist regressive
EVIDENCE:
Idealisation of pre colonial times
- Gandhi and agricultural India
- Garvey and black community pre oppressive whites
COUNTERPOINT: Progressive
EVIDENCE:
- Nation building- unite in a new future of self determination and freedom
from historical foreign rule (Garvey economic independence)
- Castro unite behind civic ideology- socialism
JUDGEMENT: Progressive
POINT:Liberal regressive
EVIDENCE:
, Early forms focused on shared culture and history
- Scotland and Catalonia
- Mazzini shared culture and history
COUNTERPOINT:Now more civic, forward looking
EVIDENCE:
- Self determination (Mazzini)
- Social contract and civic nationalism to define a nation, not history
(Rousseau). Anyone who chooses can be part of the development of a
nation. Rousseau- breaking the bonds of tradition and hierarchy in order to
guarantee individual liberty
- Supranationalism (Wilson) and avoidance of war
- Originated from a desire to transform people from subjects of a monarch
into citizens (French revolution declaration of the rights of man and citizen)-
nationalism as a force for progress and democracy- autonomous, self
governing nation.
JUDGMENT:Progressive
CONCLUSION:
INCLUSIVE/EXCLUSIVE
Is nationalism inclusive/exclusive
POINT:Anti colonial exclusive
EVIDENCE:
It’s about throwing off the oppressor- often unite behind shared ethnicity, culture of
history
- Post colonial India racial discrimination
- Garvey rejected white settlers
- Mugabe
COUNTERPOINT:Inclusive
, EVIDENCE:
Civic anti colonial countries/socialist nationalism
- Mandela rainbow nation
- Nyerere in Tanzania/Castro- bring nation together under socialism
JUDGEMENT:Inclusive
POINT:Liberal nationalism exclusive
EVIDENCE:
- Mazzini- nation based on shared history, culture.
- Scotland and Catalonia
COUNTERPOINT:Inclusive
EVIDENCE:
- Rousseau social contract- anyone can be part of a nation
- Civic nationalism in the US- claim to national identity through historical
culture is less important than the people’s pride in political institutions of the
state. Political values associated with liberal values of democracy, human
rights, freedom.
JUDGEMENT:Inclusive
POINT:Conservative/expansionist nationalism inclusive
EVIDENCE:
- Norman Tebbit cricket test- anyone can come here if they assimilate into
British language, culture and values.
- Idea of racialism rooted more in fear of divisions and erosion of collective
culture than on chauvinism and nativism.
- Aim of Conservative nationalism is to promote unity and social cohesion
that can unite classes in order to preserve hierarchy- inclusive of all
classes.
COUNTERPOINT:Exclusive
EVIDENCE:
- Enoch Powell- anti multiculturalism
- Nativism- looks back to a time where native national group and its culture
were dominant. Original population of a nation has superior claim to
nationality, should have economic priority- Trump’s America. Protectionism
to preserve jobs of native population.
- Herder volkgeist- spirit of the people comes from shared culture and history
that binds us as a nation.
- Severe exclusivity in expansionist nationalism- population based off cultural
and racial homogeneity, desire to eradicate people who do not share those
common characteristics from the nation (Maurras belief that Jews were not
true Frenchmen, Hitler anti semitic regime)
To what extent is nationalism a progressive/regressive ideology
POINT: Conservative/expansionist nationalism progressive
EVIDENCE:
- Brexit and UKIP- forward looking to a better Britain
- Protectionism economically is liberation from accepted order
- Expansionism- economic progression through exploitation, “civilising” other
nations may be justified as progressive
COUNTERPOINT: Not progressive
EVIDENCE:
- Anti multicultural- harks back to a time of cultural homogeneity before
migration and globalisation (Powell)
- Ethnicity, history and culture as basis of nation (Herder volksgeist)
- Common traditional institutions (monarchy and church) provided social
order. Use of nationalism to promote national pride and loyalty to existing
hierarchies and institutions
- Nation precedes state
- Expansionism very regressive- harks back to a mythological character of a
nation based on imperial strength, empire. (Maurras harking back to the
“golden age” of French monarchy)
JUDGEMENT: Regressive
POINT: Anti colonialist regressive
EVIDENCE:
Idealisation of pre colonial times
- Gandhi and agricultural India
- Garvey and black community pre oppressive whites
COUNTERPOINT: Progressive
EVIDENCE:
- Nation building- unite in a new future of self determination and freedom
from historical foreign rule (Garvey economic independence)
- Castro unite behind civic ideology- socialism
JUDGEMENT: Progressive
POINT:Liberal regressive
EVIDENCE:
, Early forms focused on shared culture and history
- Scotland and Catalonia
- Mazzini shared culture and history
COUNTERPOINT:Now more civic, forward looking
EVIDENCE:
- Self determination (Mazzini)
- Social contract and civic nationalism to define a nation, not history
(Rousseau). Anyone who chooses can be part of the development of a
nation. Rousseau- breaking the bonds of tradition and hierarchy in order to
guarantee individual liberty
- Supranationalism (Wilson) and avoidance of war
- Originated from a desire to transform people from subjects of a monarch
into citizens (French revolution declaration of the rights of man and citizen)-
nationalism as a force for progress and democracy- autonomous, self
governing nation.
JUDGMENT:Progressive
CONCLUSION:
INCLUSIVE/EXCLUSIVE
Is nationalism inclusive/exclusive
POINT:Anti colonial exclusive
EVIDENCE:
It’s about throwing off the oppressor- often unite behind shared ethnicity, culture of
history
- Post colonial India racial discrimination
- Garvey rejected white settlers
- Mugabe
COUNTERPOINT:Inclusive
, EVIDENCE:
Civic anti colonial countries/socialist nationalism
- Mandela rainbow nation
- Nyerere in Tanzania/Castro- bring nation together under socialism
JUDGEMENT:Inclusive
POINT:Liberal nationalism exclusive
EVIDENCE:
- Mazzini- nation based on shared history, culture.
- Scotland and Catalonia
COUNTERPOINT:Inclusive
EVIDENCE:
- Rousseau social contract- anyone can be part of a nation
- Civic nationalism in the US- claim to national identity through historical
culture is less important than the people’s pride in political institutions of the
state. Political values associated with liberal values of democracy, human
rights, freedom.
JUDGEMENT:Inclusive
POINT:Conservative/expansionist nationalism inclusive
EVIDENCE:
- Norman Tebbit cricket test- anyone can come here if they assimilate into
British language, culture and values.
- Idea of racialism rooted more in fear of divisions and erosion of collective
culture than on chauvinism and nativism.
- Aim of Conservative nationalism is to promote unity and social cohesion
that can unite classes in order to preserve hierarchy- inclusive of all
classes.
COUNTERPOINT:Exclusive
EVIDENCE:
- Enoch Powell- anti multiculturalism
- Nativism- looks back to a time where native national group and its culture
were dominant. Original population of a nation has superior claim to
nationality, should have economic priority- Trump’s America. Protectionism
to preserve jobs of native population.
- Herder volkgeist- spirit of the people comes from shared culture and history
that binds us as a nation.
- Severe exclusivity in expansionist nationalism- population based off cultural
and racial homogeneity, desire to eradicate people who do not share those
common characteristics from the nation (Maurras belief that Jews were not
true Frenchmen, Hitler anti semitic regime)
