NSG 3850 Patho 2 Exam 2 question and answer by A+ solutions
hypoventilation - Correct Answer This happens when there is insufficient air being
delivered to the alveoli to provide adequate O2 and remove CO2
These factors can cause hypoventilation - Correct Answer drugs - morphine/barbs
obesity
obstructive sleep apnea
respiratory muscle paralysis
Hyperventilation - Correct Answer This happens when there is an increase of air
entering the alveoli resulting in decreased PaCO2
These factors can cause hyperventilation - Correct Answer pain
anxiety
high altitude
sepsis
fever
brainstem injury
obstructive/restrictive lung disorders
hypoxemia - Correct Answer deficient levels of blood oxygen
hypoxia - Correct Answer decreased tissue oxygenation
What are the types of hypoxia? - Correct Answer hypoxic hypoxia - high altitude,
hypoventilation
,anemic hypoxia
circulatory hypoxia - decreased cardiac output
histotoxic hypoxia - cyanide poisoning
what are the CM of hypoxia? - Correct Answer RAT BED
Restlessness
Anxiety
Tachycardia/tachypnea
Bradycardia
Extreme restlessness
Dyspnea
What is the patho of acute bronchitis? - Correct Answer acute inflammation of the
trachea and bronchi
airways become inflammed and narrowed from capillary dilation
These factors can cause acute bronchitis - Correct Answer smoke/chemical
inhalation
heat
allergic reaction
What can cause chronic bronchitis? - Correct Answer cigarette smoking
inhalation of chemical and physical irritants
repeated airway infections
,What would you see with chronic bronchitis? - Correct Answer hypersecretion of
bronchial walls
hyperplasia of broncial mucous glands
pulmonary hypertension
scarring of bronchial mucosa
What type of COPD is associated with chronic bronchitis and what would you see?
- Correct Answer Type B COPD - Blue Bloater
cyanotic
increased sputum production
hypoxia
exertional dyspnea
digital clubbing
increased HGB and RR
overweight
chronic cough
wheezing
What would you see with emphysema? - Correct Answer destructive changes of
the alveolar walls
abnormal enlargement of distal air sacs
air trapping
, What are some factors that cause emphysema? - Correct Answer cigarette smoking
(>70 packs a year)
air pollution
occupations (welding, mining)
a1-antitrypsin deficiency
What type of COPD is associated with emphysema and what would you see? -
Correct Answer Type A COPD - Pink Puffer
barrel chest
hyperresonance
pursed lip breathing
dyspnea
anxiety
hunched forward
thin appearance
speaks in short jerky sentences
What is the etiology of sarcoidosis? - Correct Answer Unknown; likely due to
CD4+ helper T cell response to unknown antigen
What is the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis? - Correct Answer Development of
multiple, uniform, noncaseating epithelioid granulomas
abnormal T cell function
affects lung tissue and lymph nodes
hypoventilation - Correct Answer This happens when there is insufficient air being
delivered to the alveoli to provide adequate O2 and remove CO2
These factors can cause hypoventilation - Correct Answer drugs - morphine/barbs
obesity
obstructive sleep apnea
respiratory muscle paralysis
Hyperventilation - Correct Answer This happens when there is an increase of air
entering the alveoli resulting in decreased PaCO2
These factors can cause hyperventilation - Correct Answer pain
anxiety
high altitude
sepsis
fever
brainstem injury
obstructive/restrictive lung disorders
hypoxemia - Correct Answer deficient levels of blood oxygen
hypoxia - Correct Answer decreased tissue oxygenation
What are the types of hypoxia? - Correct Answer hypoxic hypoxia - high altitude,
hypoventilation
,anemic hypoxia
circulatory hypoxia - decreased cardiac output
histotoxic hypoxia - cyanide poisoning
what are the CM of hypoxia? - Correct Answer RAT BED
Restlessness
Anxiety
Tachycardia/tachypnea
Bradycardia
Extreme restlessness
Dyspnea
What is the patho of acute bronchitis? - Correct Answer acute inflammation of the
trachea and bronchi
airways become inflammed and narrowed from capillary dilation
These factors can cause acute bronchitis - Correct Answer smoke/chemical
inhalation
heat
allergic reaction
What can cause chronic bronchitis? - Correct Answer cigarette smoking
inhalation of chemical and physical irritants
repeated airway infections
,What would you see with chronic bronchitis? - Correct Answer hypersecretion of
bronchial walls
hyperplasia of broncial mucous glands
pulmonary hypertension
scarring of bronchial mucosa
What type of COPD is associated with chronic bronchitis and what would you see?
- Correct Answer Type B COPD - Blue Bloater
cyanotic
increased sputum production
hypoxia
exertional dyspnea
digital clubbing
increased HGB and RR
overweight
chronic cough
wheezing
What would you see with emphysema? - Correct Answer destructive changes of
the alveolar walls
abnormal enlargement of distal air sacs
air trapping
, What are some factors that cause emphysema? - Correct Answer cigarette smoking
(>70 packs a year)
air pollution
occupations (welding, mining)
a1-antitrypsin deficiency
What type of COPD is associated with emphysema and what would you see? -
Correct Answer Type A COPD - Pink Puffer
barrel chest
hyperresonance
pursed lip breathing
dyspnea
anxiety
hunched forward
thin appearance
speaks in short jerky sentences
What is the etiology of sarcoidosis? - Correct Answer Unknown; likely due to
CD4+ helper T cell response to unknown antigen
What is the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis? - Correct Answer Development of
multiple, uniform, noncaseating epithelioid granulomas
abnormal T cell function
affects lung tissue and lymph nodes
