NR 565 Final Exam
Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casu-
al plasma glucose concentration greater
than or equal to 200 mg/dL.
*Casual is defined as any time of day
without regard to time since last meal.
b
The classic symptoms of diabetes are
polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained
weight loss.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus
Fasting plasma glucose greater than or
equal to 126 mg/dL.
*Fasting is defined as no caloric intake
a
for at least 8 hours.
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
2 hour post-load plasma glucose in an
oral glucose tolerance test greater than
or equal to 200 mg/dL. The test uses a
glucose load containing the equivalent
b
of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in
water.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus
HgbA1c greater than or equal to 6.5%
a. Diabetes mellitus a
b. Pre-diabetes
Fasting plasma glucose 100 to 125
mg/dL (IFG) or
b
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
Plasma glucose 140 to 199 mg/dL (IGT)
2 hours post-ingestion of standard glu-
cose load (75 g) or b
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
, NR 565 Final Exam
HgbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%
a. Diabetes mellitus b
b. Pre-diabetes
SGLT2i (sodium-glucose cotrans-
-ozin
porter-2 inhibitors)
Biguanides Metformin (Glucophage)
DPP-4i (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 In-
- iptin
hibitors)
Sulfonylureas - Gly or Gli
GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
- glutides
agonists)
TZD (Thiazolidinediones) - azone
aspart (Novolog), glulisine (apidra) and
Rapid onset insulin
lispro (humalog)
Rapid acting onset 5-30 minutes
rapid acting peak 0.5 - 3 hours
rapid acting duration 3-4 hours
short acting insulin Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
short acting onset 30-60 min
short acting peak 2-4 h
short acting duration 3-7 h
intermediate acting insulin Isophane (NPH)
intermediate acting onset 1-2 hours
intermediate acting peak 4-10 hours
intermediate acting duration 10-16 h
glargine (Lantus)
long acting insulin
detemir (Levemir)
long acting onset 1-2 hours
long acting peak none
long acting duration 20-24 h
Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casu-
al plasma glucose concentration greater
than or equal to 200 mg/dL.
*Casual is defined as any time of day
without regard to time since last meal.
b
The classic symptoms of diabetes are
polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained
weight loss.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus
Fasting plasma glucose greater than or
equal to 126 mg/dL.
*Fasting is defined as no caloric intake
a
for at least 8 hours.
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
2 hour post-load plasma glucose in an
oral glucose tolerance test greater than
or equal to 200 mg/dL. The test uses a
glucose load containing the equivalent
b
of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in
water.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus
HgbA1c greater than or equal to 6.5%
a. Diabetes mellitus a
b. Pre-diabetes
Fasting plasma glucose 100 to 125
mg/dL (IFG) or
b
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
Plasma glucose 140 to 199 mg/dL (IGT)
2 hours post-ingestion of standard glu-
cose load (75 g) or b
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
, NR 565 Final Exam
HgbA1c 5.7% to 6.4%
a. Diabetes mellitus b
b. Pre-diabetes
SGLT2i (sodium-glucose cotrans-
-ozin
porter-2 inhibitors)
Biguanides Metformin (Glucophage)
DPP-4i (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 In-
- iptin
hibitors)
Sulfonylureas - Gly or Gli
GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor
- glutides
agonists)
TZD (Thiazolidinediones) - azone
aspart (Novolog), glulisine (apidra) and
Rapid onset insulin
lispro (humalog)
Rapid acting onset 5-30 minutes
rapid acting peak 0.5 - 3 hours
rapid acting duration 3-4 hours
short acting insulin Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
short acting onset 30-60 min
short acting peak 2-4 h
short acting duration 3-7 h
intermediate acting insulin Isophane (NPH)
intermediate acting onset 1-2 hours
intermediate acting peak 4-10 hours
intermediate acting duration 10-16 h
glargine (Lantus)
long acting insulin
detemir (Levemir)
long acting onset 1-2 hours
long acting peak none
long acting duration 20-24 h
