,Contents
Chapter f01: fCellular fBiology .......................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter f02: fAltered fCellular fand fTissue fBiology: fEnvironmental fAgents ..................................................... 18
Chapter f03: fThe fCellular fEnvironment: fFluids fand fElectrolytes, fAcids fand fBases ........................................ 31
Chapter f04: fGenes fand fGenetic fDiseases .................................................................................................... 44
Chapter f05: fGenes, fEnvironment-Lifestyle, fand fCommon fDiseases ............................................................ 55
Chapter f06: fEpigenetics fand fDisease ........................................................................................................... 63
Chapter f07: fInnate fImmunity: fInflammation fand fWound fHealing ............................................................... 68
Chapter f08: fAdaptive fImmunity .................................................................................................................. 83
Chapter f09: fAlterations fin fImmunity fand fInflammation .............................................................................. 95
Chapter f10: fInfection ................................................................................................................................. 108
Chapter f11: fStress fand fDisease.................................................................................................................. 117
Chapter f12: fCancer fBiology ....................................................................................................................... 124
Chapter f13: fCancer fEpidemiology.............................................................................................................. 137
Chapter f14: fCancer fin fChildren .................................................................................................................. 143
Chapter f15: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fNeurologic fSystem.................................................................. 148
Chapter f16: fPain, fTemperature fRegulation, fSleep, fand fSensory fFunction ................................................. 159
Chapter f17: fAlterations fin fCognitive fSystems, fCerebral fHemodynamics, fand fMotor fFunction ................. 174
Chapter f18: fDisorders fof fthe fCentral fand fPeripheral fNervous fSystems fand fthe fNeuromuscular fJunction
................................................................................................................................................................ 188
Chapter f19: fNeurobiology fof fSchizophrenia, fMood fDisorders, fand fAnxiety fDisorders .............................. 199
Chapter f20: fAlterations fof fNeurologic fFunction fin fChildren....................................................................... 206
Chapter f21: fMechanisms fof fHormonal fRegulation .................................................................................... 213
Chapter f22: fAlterations fof fHormonal fRegulation....................................................................................... 222
Chapter f23: fObesity fand fDisorders fof fNutrition ........................................................................................ 234
Chapter f24: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fReproductive fSystems ............................................................ 239
Chapter f25: fAlterations fof fthe fFemale fReproductive fSystem .................................................................... 249
Chapter f26: fAlterations fof fthe fMale fReproductive fSystem ....................................................................... 259
Chapter f27: fSexually fTransmitted fInfections ............................................................................................. 265
Chapter f28: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fHematologic fSystem ............................................................... 273
Chapter f29: fAlterations fof fErythrocytes, fPlatelets, fand fHemostatic fFunction ........................................... 283
,Chapter f30: fAlterations fof fLeukocyte fand fLymphoid fFunction .................................................................. 293
Chapter f31: fAlterations fof fHematologic fFunction fin fChildren.................................................................... 300
Chapter f32: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fCardiovascular fand fLymphatic fSystems .................................. 311
Chapter f33: fAlterations fof fCardiovascular fFunction .................................................................................. 324
Chapter f34: fAlterations fof fCardiovascular fFunction fin fChildren ................................................................ 338
Chapter f35: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fPulmonary fSystem.................................................................. 346
Chapter f36: fAlterations fof fPulmonary fFunction......................................................................................... 356
Chapter f37: fAlterations fof fPulmonary fFunction fin fChildren....................................................................... 373
Chapter f38: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fRenal fand fUrologic fSystems ................................................... 381
Chapter f39: fAlterations fof fRenal fand fUrinary fTract fFunction .................................................................... 391
Chapter f40: fAlterations fof fRenal fand fUrinary fTract fFunction fin fChildren .................................................. 401
Chapter f41: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fDigestive fSystem .................................................................... 409
Chapter f42: fAlterations fof fDigestive fFunction ........................................................................................... 421
Chapter f43: fAlterations fof fDigestive fFunction fin fChildren ......................................................................... 432
Chapter f44: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fMusculoskeletal fSystem ......................................................... 441
Chapter f45: fAlterations fof fMusculoskeletal fFunction ................................................................................ 453
Chapter f46: fAlterations fof fMusculoskeletal fFunction fin fChildren .............................................................. 466
Chapter f47: fStructure, fFunction, fand fDisorders fof fthe fIntegument........................................................... 475
Chapter f48: fAlterations fof fthe fIntegument fin fChildren ............................................................................. 486
Chapter f49: fShock, fMultiple fOrgan fDysfunction fSyndrome, fand fBurns fin fAdults ...................................... 494
Chapter f50: fShock, fMultiple fOrgan fDysfunction fSyndrome, fand fBurns fin fChildren ................................... 502
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
f f f
MULTIPLE fCHOICE
1. Which fstatement fbest fdescribes fthe fcellular ffunction fof fmetabolic fabsorption?
a. Cells fcan fproduce fproteins.
b. Cells fcan fsecrete fdigestive fenzymes.
c. Cells fcan ftake fin fand fuse fnutrients.
d. Cells fcan fsynthesize ffats.
ANS: f C
In fmetabolic fabsorption, fall fcells ftake fin fand fuse fnutrients fand fother fsubstances ffrom ftheir
fsurroundings. fThe fremaining foptions fare fnot finclusive fin ftheir fdescriptions fof fcellular fmetabolic
fabsorption.
PTS: f f 1 DIF: Cognitive fLevel: fRemembering
2. Where fis fmost fof fa fcell’s fgenetic finformation, fincluding fRNA fand fDNA, fcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: f C
The fnucleus fcontains fthe fnucleolus, fa fsmall fdense fstructure fcomposed flargely fof fRNA, fmost fof
fthe fcellular fDNA, fand fthe fDNA-binding fproteins, fsuch fas fthe fhistones, fwhich fregulate fits
factivity. fThe fmitochondria fare fresponsible ffor fcellular frespiration fand fenergy fproduction.
Ribosomes’ fchief ffunction fis fto fprovide fsites ffor fcellular fprotein fsynthesis. fLysosomes ffunction
fas fthe fintracellular fdigestive fsystem.
PTS: f f 1 DIF: Cognitive fLevel: fRemembering
3. Which fcomponent fof fthe fcell fproduces fhydrogen fperoxide f(H2O2) fby fusing foxygen fto fremove
hydrogen fatoms ffrom fspecific fsubstrates fin fan foxidative freaction?
f
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: f B
Chapter f01: fCellular fBiology .......................................................................................................................... 4
Chapter f02: fAltered fCellular fand fTissue fBiology: fEnvironmental fAgents ..................................................... 18
Chapter f03: fThe fCellular fEnvironment: fFluids fand fElectrolytes, fAcids fand fBases ........................................ 31
Chapter f04: fGenes fand fGenetic fDiseases .................................................................................................... 44
Chapter f05: fGenes, fEnvironment-Lifestyle, fand fCommon fDiseases ............................................................ 55
Chapter f06: fEpigenetics fand fDisease ........................................................................................................... 63
Chapter f07: fInnate fImmunity: fInflammation fand fWound fHealing ............................................................... 68
Chapter f08: fAdaptive fImmunity .................................................................................................................. 83
Chapter f09: fAlterations fin fImmunity fand fInflammation .............................................................................. 95
Chapter f10: fInfection ................................................................................................................................. 108
Chapter f11: fStress fand fDisease.................................................................................................................. 117
Chapter f12: fCancer fBiology ....................................................................................................................... 124
Chapter f13: fCancer fEpidemiology.............................................................................................................. 137
Chapter f14: fCancer fin fChildren .................................................................................................................. 143
Chapter f15: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fNeurologic fSystem.................................................................. 148
Chapter f16: fPain, fTemperature fRegulation, fSleep, fand fSensory fFunction ................................................. 159
Chapter f17: fAlterations fin fCognitive fSystems, fCerebral fHemodynamics, fand fMotor fFunction ................. 174
Chapter f18: fDisorders fof fthe fCentral fand fPeripheral fNervous fSystems fand fthe fNeuromuscular fJunction
................................................................................................................................................................ 188
Chapter f19: fNeurobiology fof fSchizophrenia, fMood fDisorders, fand fAnxiety fDisorders .............................. 199
Chapter f20: fAlterations fof fNeurologic fFunction fin fChildren....................................................................... 206
Chapter f21: fMechanisms fof fHormonal fRegulation .................................................................................... 213
Chapter f22: fAlterations fof fHormonal fRegulation....................................................................................... 222
Chapter f23: fObesity fand fDisorders fof fNutrition ........................................................................................ 234
Chapter f24: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fReproductive fSystems ............................................................ 239
Chapter f25: fAlterations fof fthe fFemale fReproductive fSystem .................................................................... 249
Chapter f26: fAlterations fof fthe fMale fReproductive fSystem ....................................................................... 259
Chapter f27: fSexually fTransmitted fInfections ............................................................................................. 265
Chapter f28: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fHematologic fSystem ............................................................... 273
Chapter f29: fAlterations fof fErythrocytes, fPlatelets, fand fHemostatic fFunction ........................................... 283
,Chapter f30: fAlterations fof fLeukocyte fand fLymphoid fFunction .................................................................. 293
Chapter f31: fAlterations fof fHematologic fFunction fin fChildren.................................................................... 300
Chapter f32: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fCardiovascular fand fLymphatic fSystems .................................. 311
Chapter f33: fAlterations fof fCardiovascular fFunction .................................................................................. 324
Chapter f34: fAlterations fof fCardiovascular fFunction fin fChildren ................................................................ 338
Chapter f35: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fPulmonary fSystem.................................................................. 346
Chapter f36: fAlterations fof fPulmonary fFunction......................................................................................... 356
Chapter f37: fAlterations fof fPulmonary fFunction fin fChildren....................................................................... 373
Chapter f38: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fRenal fand fUrologic fSystems ................................................... 381
Chapter f39: fAlterations fof fRenal fand fUrinary fTract fFunction .................................................................... 391
Chapter f40: fAlterations fof fRenal fand fUrinary fTract fFunction fin fChildren .................................................. 401
Chapter f41: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fDigestive fSystem .................................................................... 409
Chapter f42: fAlterations fof fDigestive fFunction ........................................................................................... 421
Chapter f43: fAlterations fof fDigestive fFunction fin fChildren ......................................................................... 432
Chapter f44: fStructure fand fFunction fof fthe fMusculoskeletal fSystem ......................................................... 441
Chapter f45: fAlterations fof fMusculoskeletal fFunction ................................................................................ 453
Chapter f46: fAlterations fof fMusculoskeletal fFunction fin fChildren .............................................................. 466
Chapter f47: fStructure, fFunction, fand fDisorders fof fthe fIntegument........................................................... 475
Chapter f48: fAlterations fof fthe fIntegument fin fChildren ............................................................................. 486
Chapter f49: fShock, fMultiple fOrgan fDysfunction fSyndrome, fand fBurns fin fAdults ...................................... 494
Chapter f50: fShock, fMultiple fOrgan fDysfunction fSyndrome, fand fBurns fin fChildren ................................... 502
, Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
f f f
MULTIPLE fCHOICE
1. Which fstatement fbest fdescribes fthe fcellular ffunction fof fmetabolic fabsorption?
a. Cells fcan fproduce fproteins.
b. Cells fcan fsecrete fdigestive fenzymes.
c. Cells fcan ftake fin fand fuse fnutrients.
d. Cells fcan fsynthesize ffats.
ANS: f C
In fmetabolic fabsorption, fall fcells ftake fin fand fuse fnutrients fand fother fsubstances ffrom ftheir
fsurroundings. fThe fremaining foptions fare fnot finclusive fin ftheir fdescriptions fof fcellular fmetabolic
fabsorption.
PTS: f f 1 DIF: Cognitive fLevel: fRemembering
2. Where fis fmost fof fa fcell’s fgenetic finformation, fincluding fRNA fand fDNA, fcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: f C
The fnucleus fcontains fthe fnucleolus, fa fsmall fdense fstructure fcomposed flargely fof fRNA, fmost fof
fthe fcellular fDNA, fand fthe fDNA-binding fproteins, fsuch fas fthe fhistones, fwhich fregulate fits
factivity. fThe fmitochondria fare fresponsible ffor fcellular frespiration fand fenergy fproduction.
Ribosomes’ fchief ffunction fis fto fprovide fsites ffor fcellular fprotein fsynthesis. fLysosomes ffunction
fas fthe fintracellular fdigestive fsystem.
PTS: f f 1 DIF: Cognitive fLevel: fRemembering
3. Which fcomponent fof fthe fcell fproduces fhydrogen fperoxide f(H2O2) fby fusing foxygen fto fremove
hydrogen fatoms ffrom fspecific fsubstrates fin fan foxidative freaction?
f
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: f B
