American landscape test 2 || with errorless answers.
George Bird Grinnell correct answers American anthropologist , historian, naturalist, and writer,
Grinnell has been recognized for his influence on public opinion and work on legislation to
preserve the American buffalo.
Beware of: correct answers Lancelot Brown and Humphrey Repton
-How did the "beautiful" vary from the "picturesque" and the "sublime"?
-What was Brown's landscape palate?
-How did paintings of Lorraine and Poussin influence his work?
-What was Repton's contribution to landscape gardening?
-What are the influences of this period on our ideas about parks today?
Beautiful Landscape correct answers -Brown
-Nature abhors a
straight line
= Naturalistic
Picturesque landscape correct answers - Between the beautiful and the sublime
- art awakens nature
-View a scene for its painterly qualities
Romantic landscapes correct answers -Sublime and Grand-awe inspiring
-Nature awakens art
-Spur the beholder to dive into own psyche
more on picturesque correct answers -The picturesque linked art and nature with a particular
closeness and is therefore central to any study of
,-the aestheticization of the English countryside (i.e., the way in which the countryside was
appreciated visually)
-and the 'naturalism' of English landscape painting (though the picturesque is in fact an artificial
mode because it demands the modification of nature according to artistic principles).
Lancelot Brown (Capability Brown, 1715-1783) correct answers Landscapes with wide, softly
sweeping lawns, the artfully scattered clumps of trees in pasture, and the serpentine lakes which
revolutionized garden art all over Europe and America.
ex. Wilson 1762
"Solitude"
Brown's Landscapes correct answers Natural grace and beauty, but manmade.
Trees used in woods and plantations to limit vistas, create shelterbelts, heighten contours, and
hide unsightly aspects.
Trees used as 'Brownian clump' set within grassy expanses.
Tracts of grass sward, in which the house sits like an island, were part of his topographical
alterations - sculpting the land in order to create a gently undulating scenery that maximized the
natural play of sunlight and shadow.
Sets circulation within all this alteration, i.e., rides, drives and walks.
HUMPHRY REPTON (1752-1818) correct answers Humphrey Repton invented the term
"landscape gardening" to express his theory that the art requires "the united powers of the
landscape painter and the practical gardener."
Repton correct answers Repton began his career following Brown' s ideas.
, Later drew more and more on picturesque ideas. Brown's landscapes lacked a formal setting for
the house, with rolling lawns sweeping right up to the front door. Repton re-introduced formal
terraces, balustrades, trellis work and flower gardens around the house in a way that became
common practice in the nineteenth century.
Designed the famous 'picturesque' landscapes in Britain at Blaise Castle.
At Woburn Abbey created themed gardens (including a Chinese garden, American garden,
arboretum and forcing garden).
At Stoneleigh Abbey in 1808 created a perfect cricket pitch and a bowling green lawn.
The English Landscape School correct answers -Though the formal garden styles of the French
Baroque reached England in the 17th Century, these became deeply unfashionable in the
changing political and social climate of the 18th Century.
-The English Landscape School was informal, but carefully composed, and looked to late
renaissance painting and ruined landscapes for inspiration.
-Great estates of the aristocracy were landscaped to provide journeys punctuated by painterly
scenes of foreground, middleground and background.
-Great formal gardens, such as Stowe and Blenheim, were literally destroyed to make way for
the new style of English informalism by designers such as Kent, Brown and then Repton.
-William Kent was the early pioneer of the new style, but his apprentice, Lancelot 'Capability'
Brown became the doyen of the new movement.
-Brown's landscapes were smooth, sensuous and curving and, stylistically, were known as
'Beautiful'. The style became highly fashionable, admired and implemented throughout Europe.
The style was also criticized by proponents of other styles (though still informal and part of the
same tradition):
-The Sublime (highly articulated, rugged and vast landscapes - difficult to build);
-The Picturesque (a more textured, detailed and 'naturalistic' landscape - with the reintroduction
of romantic features.
George Bird Grinnell correct answers American anthropologist , historian, naturalist, and writer,
Grinnell has been recognized for his influence on public opinion and work on legislation to
preserve the American buffalo.
Beware of: correct answers Lancelot Brown and Humphrey Repton
-How did the "beautiful" vary from the "picturesque" and the "sublime"?
-What was Brown's landscape palate?
-How did paintings of Lorraine and Poussin influence his work?
-What was Repton's contribution to landscape gardening?
-What are the influences of this period on our ideas about parks today?
Beautiful Landscape correct answers -Brown
-Nature abhors a
straight line
= Naturalistic
Picturesque landscape correct answers - Between the beautiful and the sublime
- art awakens nature
-View a scene for its painterly qualities
Romantic landscapes correct answers -Sublime and Grand-awe inspiring
-Nature awakens art
-Spur the beholder to dive into own psyche
more on picturesque correct answers -The picturesque linked art and nature with a particular
closeness and is therefore central to any study of
,-the aestheticization of the English countryside (i.e., the way in which the countryside was
appreciated visually)
-and the 'naturalism' of English landscape painting (though the picturesque is in fact an artificial
mode because it demands the modification of nature according to artistic principles).
Lancelot Brown (Capability Brown, 1715-1783) correct answers Landscapes with wide, softly
sweeping lawns, the artfully scattered clumps of trees in pasture, and the serpentine lakes which
revolutionized garden art all over Europe and America.
ex. Wilson 1762
"Solitude"
Brown's Landscapes correct answers Natural grace and beauty, but manmade.
Trees used in woods and plantations to limit vistas, create shelterbelts, heighten contours, and
hide unsightly aspects.
Trees used as 'Brownian clump' set within grassy expanses.
Tracts of grass sward, in which the house sits like an island, were part of his topographical
alterations - sculpting the land in order to create a gently undulating scenery that maximized the
natural play of sunlight and shadow.
Sets circulation within all this alteration, i.e., rides, drives and walks.
HUMPHRY REPTON (1752-1818) correct answers Humphrey Repton invented the term
"landscape gardening" to express his theory that the art requires "the united powers of the
landscape painter and the practical gardener."
Repton correct answers Repton began his career following Brown' s ideas.
, Later drew more and more on picturesque ideas. Brown's landscapes lacked a formal setting for
the house, with rolling lawns sweeping right up to the front door. Repton re-introduced formal
terraces, balustrades, trellis work and flower gardens around the house in a way that became
common practice in the nineteenth century.
Designed the famous 'picturesque' landscapes in Britain at Blaise Castle.
At Woburn Abbey created themed gardens (including a Chinese garden, American garden,
arboretum and forcing garden).
At Stoneleigh Abbey in 1808 created a perfect cricket pitch and a bowling green lawn.
The English Landscape School correct answers -Though the formal garden styles of the French
Baroque reached England in the 17th Century, these became deeply unfashionable in the
changing political and social climate of the 18th Century.
-The English Landscape School was informal, but carefully composed, and looked to late
renaissance painting and ruined landscapes for inspiration.
-Great estates of the aristocracy were landscaped to provide journeys punctuated by painterly
scenes of foreground, middleground and background.
-Great formal gardens, such as Stowe and Blenheim, were literally destroyed to make way for
the new style of English informalism by designers such as Kent, Brown and then Repton.
-William Kent was the early pioneer of the new style, but his apprentice, Lancelot 'Capability'
Brown became the doyen of the new movement.
-Brown's landscapes were smooth, sensuous and curving and, stylistically, were known as
'Beautiful'. The style became highly fashionable, admired and implemented throughout Europe.
The style was also criticized by proponents of other styles (though still informal and part of the
same tradition):
-The Sublime (highly articulated, rugged and vast landscapes - difficult to build);
-The Picturesque (a more textured, detailed and 'naturalistic' landscape - with the reintroduction
of romantic features.
