BIO202 TEST PAPER 2025 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
RATED A+
✔✔why are females the choosier sex? - ✔✔because of their significantly higher
required investment in childrearing
✔✔sexual dimorphism - ✔✔allows intersexual selection; the observable difference
between men and women
✔✔artificial selection - ✔✔humans imparting "natural selection" on a species (e.g.
trophy hunting big bucks)
✔✔selective breeding - ✔✔modifying traits in domesticated species (grains, fruits,
dogs/cats)
✔✔phenotypic plasticity - ✔✔ability to have different phenotypes under different
environments, with the same genotype (e.g. twins separated at birth)
phenotype (P) = genotype (G) + environment (E)
✔✔local adaptation - ✔✔mean fitness is higher for locals in their local environment than
in other environments
✔✔genetic rescue - ✔✔when gene flow (migration) causes positive consequences for
new population in alleles/variation; a direct SOLUTION to inbreeding depression
✔✔gene swamping/migration load - ✔✔gene flow "swamps out" local population
✔✔domestication syndrome - ✔✔traits not normally seen in the wild versions of
domesticated species- spots, floppy ears, dull teeth, etc.
✔✔distinguishing species - ✔✔morphological traits, ability to interbreed, molecular
features, ecological factors, evolutionary relationships
✔✔reproductive isolation - ✔✔inability to produce viable offspring
✔✔pre-zygotic barriers - ✔✔- geographic separation
- behavioral incompatibility
- mechanical isoluation
- reduced hybrid viability
✔✔post-zygotic barriers - ✔✔- inviable F1 offspring
- infertile offspring
- reduced hybrid viability
, ✔✔taxonomy - ✔✔field that classifies and makes names for species
✔✔speciation - ✔✔formation of a new species
✔✔allopatric speciation - ✔✔when 2 species separate from geographic isolation
✔✔vicariance - ✔✔the geographic separation of a population
✔✔adaptive radiation - ✔✔species evolves rapidly into array of descendants that differ
greatly because of new/diverse habitats
✔✔hybrid zones - ✔✔area of overlap between 2 species close in phenotypic and
genetic composition; hybrid offspring occur (incomplete reproductive isolation)
✔✔sympatric speciation - ✔✔divergence of 1 species into 2+, WITHOUT geographic
separation and NO physical barriers to interbreeding (usually tied to disruptive
selection)
✔✔how does sympatric speciation occur? - ✔✔micro geographic habitat differences,
assortive mating through natural selection, chromosomal mutations
✔✔assortative mating - ✔✔tendency for mates to choose mates who are more similar
(positive) or dissimilar (negative) to them in phenotypic characteristics than would be
expected by chance
✔✔polyploid formation - ✔✔instantaneous speciation; going from 2 copies of each
chromosome to >2; caused by significant mitosis/meiosis errors (common in asexual
plants)
✔✔phyletic gradualism - ✔✔slow, uniform evolution through the accumulation of
gradual changes
✔✔punctuated equilibrium - ✔✔species usually in "stasis", but have punctuated periods
of rapid evolutionary change
✔✔radiations vs. counter radiations - ✔✔cambrian explosion vs. K-T extinction event
✔✔incipient speciation - ✔✔time period when 2 species begin to diverge, but are still
similar enough to interbreed
✔✔"genomic islands of divergence" - ✔✔the entire genome does NOT evolve in unison;
some areas of genes are more free to diverge/change over time, these are called
genomic islands of divergence
RATED A+
✔✔why are females the choosier sex? - ✔✔because of their significantly higher
required investment in childrearing
✔✔sexual dimorphism - ✔✔allows intersexual selection; the observable difference
between men and women
✔✔artificial selection - ✔✔humans imparting "natural selection" on a species (e.g.
trophy hunting big bucks)
✔✔selective breeding - ✔✔modifying traits in domesticated species (grains, fruits,
dogs/cats)
✔✔phenotypic plasticity - ✔✔ability to have different phenotypes under different
environments, with the same genotype (e.g. twins separated at birth)
phenotype (P) = genotype (G) + environment (E)
✔✔local adaptation - ✔✔mean fitness is higher for locals in their local environment than
in other environments
✔✔genetic rescue - ✔✔when gene flow (migration) causes positive consequences for
new population in alleles/variation; a direct SOLUTION to inbreeding depression
✔✔gene swamping/migration load - ✔✔gene flow "swamps out" local population
✔✔domestication syndrome - ✔✔traits not normally seen in the wild versions of
domesticated species- spots, floppy ears, dull teeth, etc.
✔✔distinguishing species - ✔✔morphological traits, ability to interbreed, molecular
features, ecological factors, evolutionary relationships
✔✔reproductive isolation - ✔✔inability to produce viable offspring
✔✔pre-zygotic barriers - ✔✔- geographic separation
- behavioral incompatibility
- mechanical isoluation
- reduced hybrid viability
✔✔post-zygotic barriers - ✔✔- inviable F1 offspring
- infertile offspring
- reduced hybrid viability
, ✔✔taxonomy - ✔✔field that classifies and makes names for species
✔✔speciation - ✔✔formation of a new species
✔✔allopatric speciation - ✔✔when 2 species separate from geographic isolation
✔✔vicariance - ✔✔the geographic separation of a population
✔✔adaptive radiation - ✔✔species evolves rapidly into array of descendants that differ
greatly because of new/diverse habitats
✔✔hybrid zones - ✔✔area of overlap between 2 species close in phenotypic and
genetic composition; hybrid offspring occur (incomplete reproductive isolation)
✔✔sympatric speciation - ✔✔divergence of 1 species into 2+, WITHOUT geographic
separation and NO physical barriers to interbreeding (usually tied to disruptive
selection)
✔✔how does sympatric speciation occur? - ✔✔micro geographic habitat differences,
assortive mating through natural selection, chromosomal mutations
✔✔assortative mating - ✔✔tendency for mates to choose mates who are more similar
(positive) or dissimilar (negative) to them in phenotypic characteristics than would be
expected by chance
✔✔polyploid formation - ✔✔instantaneous speciation; going from 2 copies of each
chromosome to >2; caused by significant mitosis/meiosis errors (common in asexual
plants)
✔✔phyletic gradualism - ✔✔slow, uniform evolution through the accumulation of
gradual changes
✔✔punctuated equilibrium - ✔✔species usually in "stasis", but have punctuated periods
of rapid evolutionary change
✔✔radiations vs. counter radiations - ✔✔cambrian explosion vs. K-T extinction event
✔✔incipient speciation - ✔✔time period when 2 species begin to diverge, but are still
similar enough to interbreed
✔✔"genomic islands of divergence" - ✔✔the entire genome does NOT evolve in unison;
some areas of genes are more free to diverge/change over time, these are called
genomic islands of divergence
