Summary - Chemistry Basics Answers

GCSE Chemistry
Revision Booklet A - basics




States of Matter/Elements, Compounds & Mixtures
Atomic Structure/Periodic Table
Bulk and Surface Properties of Matter Inc. Nanoparticles
Formulae, Equations and Hazards



ANSWERS

,Contents

STATES OF MATTER/ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES .............................................1

TOPIC CHECKLIST ........................................................................................................................1
KEY VOCABULARY.......................................................................................................................2
MATTER AND PARTICLES ............................................................................................................4
ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES ................................................................................6
SOLUTIONS AND SOLUBILITY CURVES .......................................................................................8
SEPARATING TECHNIQUES .......................................................................................................10
DRINKING WATER.....................................................................................................................13

ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE ....................................................................14

TOPIC CHECKLIST ......................................................................................................................14
KEY VOCABULARY.....................................................................................................................15
ATOMIC THEORY.......................................................................................................................16
HISTORY OF THE PERIODIC TABLE ............................................................................................19

BULK AND SURFACE PROPERTIES OF MATTER INCLUDING NANOPARTICLES .......................20

TOPIC CHECKLIST ......................................................................................................................20
KEY VOCABULARY.....................................................................................................................20

FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS AND HAZARDS .........................................................................22

TOPIC CHECKLIST ......................................................................................................................22
KEY VOCABULARY.....................................................................................................................22
CHEMICAL FORMULAE..............................................................................................................23
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS ............................................................................................................26
HAZARDS AND HAZARD SYMBOLS ...........................................................................................28

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, 1
States of Matter/Elements, Compounds & Mixtures



STATES OF MATTER/ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES

TOPIC CHECKLIST
This material is assessed in Paper 1.
States of Matter
2.1 Describe the arrangement, movement and the relative energy of particles in each of
the three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas
2.2 Recall the names used for the interconversions between the three states of matter,
recognising that these are physical changes: contrasted with chemical reactions that result
in chemical changes
2.3 Explain the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of particles during these
interconversions
2.4 Predict the physical state of a substance under specified conditions, given suitable
data

Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
2.5 Explain the difference between the use of ‘pure’ in chemistry compared with its
everyday use and the differences in chemistry between a pure substance and a mixture
2.6 Interpret melting point data to distinguish between pure substances which have a
sharp melting point and mixtures which melt over a range of temperatures
2.7 Explain the types of mixtures that can be separated by using the following
experimental techniques:
a simple distillation
b fractional distillation
c filtration
d crystallisation
e paper chromatography
2.8 Describe an appropriate experimental technique to separate a mixture, knowing the
properties of the components of the mixture
2.9 Describe paper chromatography as the separation of mixtures of soluble substances by
running a solvent (mobile phase) through the mixture on the paper (the paper contains
the stationary phase), which causes the substances to move at different rates over the
paper
2.10 Interpret a paper chromatogram:
a to distinguish between pure and impure substances
b to identify substances by comparison with known substances
c to identify substances by calculation and use of Rf values
2.11 Core Practical: Investigate the composition of inks using simple distillation and paper
chromatography