BKAT Critical Care Review
What conditions may cause elevated cardiac enzymes? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Trauma, acute MI, CABG, and pericarditis
What is the goal of treatment with cariogenic shock? - CORRECT ANSWER-to increase
cardiac output
What are the effects of nitroprusside (Nipride) and dobutamine (Dobutrex) on preload,
afterload, and contractility? - CORRECT ANSWER-They both increase cardiac output,
heart rate, and contractility
Special precautions of Nipride - CORRECT ANSWER-It can cause severe hypotension
and cyanide toxicity
Where to listen to assess with a murmur associated with aortic stenosis - CORRECT
ANSWER-right upper sternal border
What is the most important thing to watch for when administering tPa? - CORRECT
ANSWER-mental status changes
What is preload affected by? - CORRECT ANSWER-venous return to the heart, atrial
kick, total volume, and ventricular compliance
What drugs can affect preload? - CORRECT ANSWER-Furosemide and nitroglycerin
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER-Amount of pressure heart has to overcome to pump
blood out
What drugs may affect afterload? - CORRECT ANSWER-Vasoconstricters and
vasodilators
Contractility - CORRECT ANSWER-the contractile force of the heart, how much will it
take to move the preload out against the afterload
What is the appropriate hold time after pulling an arterial line? - CORRECT ANSWER-5-
10 min
What part of the heart does the PAOP affect? - CORRECT ANSWER-Left ventricle
What part of the heart does the CVP affect? - CORRECT ANSWER-Right ventricle
, Normal Central Venous Pressure (CVP) range - CORRECT ANSWER-2-8 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) range - CORRECT ANSWER-6-
12 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Systolic (PAS) range - CORRECT ANSWER-20-30 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) range - CORRECT ANSWER-5-15 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) - CORRECT ANSWER-11-20 mmHg
Normal Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) range - CORRECT ANSWER-800-1200
mmHg
Preload - CORRECT ANSWER-volume left in the left ventricle at the end of diastole
What does it mean when the PAOP is elevated? - CORRECT ANSWER-Increased left
ventricular end diastolic pressure that could be indicative of left ventricular dysfunction
or failure
What does it mean if CVP is elevated? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fluid overload or
decreased compliance (such as with ARDS and COPD)
Difference between stable and unstable angina - CORRECT ANSWER-Stable angina:
pain happens with certain activities but then goes away with rest.
Unstable angina: chest pain can occur at rest, becomes more sever or frequent, or lasts
longer
ECG changes with an acute MI? - CORRECT ANSWER-ST elevation or depression
ECG changes with hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-Peaked T waves
Anti-clotting medications - CORRECT ANSWER-Aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), ticagrelor
(Brilinta), warfarin (Coumadin), heparin, apixaban (Eliquis), and enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Heart rate controlling medications - CORRECT ANSWER-Beta blockers (-lol), calcium
channel blockers (-ipine), Digoxin
Heart rhythm controlling medications - CORRECT ANSWER-Na+ channel blockers
(lidocaine) and K+ channel blockers (amiodarone)
R on T phenomenon - CORRECT ANSWER-When pacing, a strong ventricular stimulus
occurring on top of the T wave that can initiate a sustained ventricular tachyarrythmia
What conditions may cause elevated cardiac enzymes? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Trauma, acute MI, CABG, and pericarditis
What is the goal of treatment with cariogenic shock? - CORRECT ANSWER-to increase
cardiac output
What are the effects of nitroprusside (Nipride) and dobutamine (Dobutrex) on preload,
afterload, and contractility? - CORRECT ANSWER-They both increase cardiac output,
heart rate, and contractility
Special precautions of Nipride - CORRECT ANSWER-It can cause severe hypotension
and cyanide toxicity
Where to listen to assess with a murmur associated with aortic stenosis - CORRECT
ANSWER-right upper sternal border
What is the most important thing to watch for when administering tPa? - CORRECT
ANSWER-mental status changes
What is preload affected by? - CORRECT ANSWER-venous return to the heart, atrial
kick, total volume, and ventricular compliance
What drugs can affect preload? - CORRECT ANSWER-Furosemide and nitroglycerin
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER-Amount of pressure heart has to overcome to pump
blood out
What drugs may affect afterload? - CORRECT ANSWER-Vasoconstricters and
vasodilators
Contractility - CORRECT ANSWER-the contractile force of the heart, how much will it
take to move the preload out against the afterload
What is the appropriate hold time after pulling an arterial line? - CORRECT ANSWER-5-
10 min
What part of the heart does the PAOP affect? - CORRECT ANSWER-Left ventricle
What part of the heart does the CVP affect? - CORRECT ANSWER-Right ventricle
, Normal Central Venous Pressure (CVP) range - CORRECT ANSWER-2-8 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) range - CORRECT ANSWER-6-
12 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Systolic (PAS) range - CORRECT ANSWER-20-30 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) range - CORRECT ANSWER-5-15 mmHg
Normal Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) - CORRECT ANSWER-11-20 mmHg
Normal Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) range - CORRECT ANSWER-800-1200
mmHg
Preload - CORRECT ANSWER-volume left in the left ventricle at the end of diastole
What does it mean when the PAOP is elevated? - CORRECT ANSWER-Increased left
ventricular end diastolic pressure that could be indicative of left ventricular dysfunction
or failure
What does it mean if CVP is elevated? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fluid overload or
decreased compliance (such as with ARDS and COPD)
Difference between stable and unstable angina - CORRECT ANSWER-Stable angina:
pain happens with certain activities but then goes away with rest.
Unstable angina: chest pain can occur at rest, becomes more sever or frequent, or lasts
longer
ECG changes with an acute MI? - CORRECT ANSWER-ST elevation or depression
ECG changes with hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-Peaked T waves
Anti-clotting medications - CORRECT ANSWER-Aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), ticagrelor
(Brilinta), warfarin (Coumadin), heparin, apixaban (Eliquis), and enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Heart rate controlling medications - CORRECT ANSWER-Beta blockers (-lol), calcium
channel blockers (-ipine), Digoxin
Heart rhythm controlling medications - CORRECT ANSWER-Na+ channel blockers
(lidocaine) and K+ channel blockers (amiodarone)
R on T phenomenon - CORRECT ANSWER-When pacing, a strong ventricular stimulus
occurring on top of the T wave that can initiate a sustained ventricular tachyarrythmia
