Pathophysiology - BIOD331 - Module 2
Final Exam Latest 2025 With Questions
And Correct Answers|Already Graded A+
What is cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER-The unregulated growth of abnormal cells
What is differentiation? - CORRECT ANSWER-Process by which cells become more specialized with
each mitotic division
What is apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Programmed cell death. Eliminates old, damaged, or
unwanted cells
What are proto-oncogenes? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell growth. They encode proteins that signal for the
cell to proliferate
,What do tumor suppressor genes do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell death. Encode proteins that inhibit cell
growth and signal (when necessary) for apoptosis
What is neoplasia? - CORRECT ANSWER-"New growth". Process of uncontrolled, abnormal growth of
cells or tissues in the body
What is neoplasm? - CORRECT ANSWER-The new growth itself
Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________ - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypertrophy and
hyperplasia
Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words) - CORRECT ANSWER-Appropriate
cellular signaling stimuli
Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things? - CORRECT ANSWER-Proliferation,
differentiation, and apoptosis
What is proliferation? - CORRECT ANSWER-Process of cell division. Adaptive process for new cell
growth to replace old cells or when additional cells are needed.
Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and uncontrolled proliferation that is
unregulated by normal growth-regulating stimuli. - CORRECT ANSWER-Genetic abnormalities
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA synthesis stops while the cell enlarges
and both RNA and protein synthesis begins
What is the S phase of the cell cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA synthesis occurs, producing 2 separate
sets of chromosomes one for each daughter cell
What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA synthesis again stops while
RNA/protein synthesis continues.
, The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as __________ - CORRECT ANSWER-Interphase
What are cell cycle checkpoints? - CORRECT ANSWER-Means of molecular surveillance used to ensure
the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase
What is the M phase of the cell cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mitosis and cytoplasmic division.
Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually cycles from one mitotic division to
the next. - CORRECT ANSWER-Skin's squamous epithelium
What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called? - CORRECT ANSWER-G0 or
resting phase
Why would a cell enter the G0 phase? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Nutrients are unavailable
2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle
What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0? - CORRECT ANSWER-Neurons
(highly specialized and terminally differentiated cells)
What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell receives stimuli via:
1. Growth factors
2. Hormones
3. Other signals that trigger growth
Give an example of a cell type found in the body that remains in G0 phase until prompted. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Blood loss or tissue injury
Define cell proliferation - CORRECT ANSWER-Process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division.
Final Exam Latest 2025 With Questions
And Correct Answers|Already Graded A+
What is cancer? - CORRECT ANSWER-The unregulated growth of abnormal cells
What is differentiation? - CORRECT ANSWER-Process by which cells become more specialized with
each mitotic division
What is apoptosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Programmed cell death. Eliminates old, damaged, or
unwanted cells
What are proto-oncogenes? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell growth. They encode proteins that signal for the
cell to proliferate
,What do tumor suppressor genes do? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell death. Encode proteins that inhibit cell
growth and signal (when necessary) for apoptosis
What is neoplasia? - CORRECT ANSWER-"New growth". Process of uncontrolled, abnormal growth of
cells or tissues in the body
What is neoplasm? - CORRECT ANSWER-The new growth itself
Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________ - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypertrophy and
hyperplasia
Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words) - CORRECT ANSWER-Appropriate
cellular signaling stimuli
Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things? - CORRECT ANSWER-Proliferation,
differentiation, and apoptosis
What is proliferation? - CORRECT ANSWER-Process of cell division. Adaptive process for new cell
growth to replace old cells or when additional cells are needed.
Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and uncontrolled proliferation that is
unregulated by normal growth-regulating stimuli. - CORRECT ANSWER-Genetic abnormalities
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA synthesis stops while the cell enlarges
and both RNA and protein synthesis begins
What is the S phase of the cell cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA synthesis occurs, producing 2 separate
sets of chromosomes one for each daughter cell
What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER-DNA synthesis again stops while
RNA/protein synthesis continues.
, The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as __________ - CORRECT ANSWER-Interphase
What are cell cycle checkpoints? - CORRECT ANSWER-Means of molecular surveillance used to ensure
the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase
What is the M phase of the cell cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mitosis and cytoplasmic division.
Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually cycles from one mitotic division to
the next. - CORRECT ANSWER-Skin's squamous epithelium
What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called? - CORRECT ANSWER-G0 or
resting phase
Why would a cell enter the G0 phase? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Nutrients are unavailable
2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle
What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0? - CORRECT ANSWER-Neurons
(highly specialized and terminally differentiated cells)
What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cell receives stimuli via:
1. Growth factors
2. Hormones
3. Other signals that trigger growth
Give an example of a cell type found in the body that remains in G0 phase until prompted. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Blood loss or tissue injury
Define cell proliferation - CORRECT ANSWER-Process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division.
