NST 10 Midterm 1 Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
nutrition - ANSWER✔✔-a science that studies the impact of nutrients/dietary
chemicals on the health of living organisms
nutrients - ANSWER✔✔-dietary chemicals that provide energy, heat, structure, and
regulatory/signaling molecules
examples of nutrition related diseases - ANSWER✔✔-cancer, cardiovascular disease,
diabetes
types of dietary constituents - ANSWER✔✔-macronutrients, micronutrients, fiber,
phytochemicals
macronutrients - ANSWER✔✔-energy yielding nutrients needed in large quantities in
the body: carbohydrates, fat/lipids, protein, water
micronutrients - ANSWER✔✔-provide no energy for the body but necessary for proper
functioning: vitamins and minerals
,phytochemicals - ANSWER✔✔-trace chemicals in foods that affect health and disease
risk
fiber - ANSWER✔✔-consists of complex non-digestible carbohyrates
soluble fiber - ANSWER✔✔-can be dissolved in water --> binds cholesterol, preventing
its uptake
insoluble fiber - ANSWER✔✔-cannot be dissolved in water --> speeds transit of foods
through the digestive system
protein - ANSWER✔✔-- consists of 20 amino acids linked end to end
- required for growth, maintenance, and repair by supplying amino acids
essential amino acids - ANSWER✔✔-8 of them; the body cannot make them but
requires them
why do we need fiber? - ANSWER✔✔--helps with the dietary tract
-reduces the absorption for cholesterol
carbohydrates (CHO) - ANSWER✔✔-consist of of simple sugars and complex carbs
(polymers)
complex carbohydrates - ANSWER✔✔-allow better glucose (glycemic) control than
simple sugars
, fat - ANSWER✔✔-is a lipid; consists of fatty acids bound to glycerol to produce
triacylgqcerol (TAG)
4-9-4 rule - ANSWER✔✔-carbs: 4 kcal/g
fat: 9 kcal/g
protein: 4 kcal/g
why does fat have more calories? - ANSWER✔✔-provides concentrated energy from its
fatty acids
vitamins - ANSWER✔✔-organic chemicals required in small amounts for health
what do vitamins do? - ANSWER✔✔-they serve as coenzymes to signaling molecules
(e.g. hormones) --> regulate metabolism and maintain normal growth/cell functions
2 classifications of vitamins - ANSWER✔✔-fat soluble vitamins and water soluble
vitamins
fat soluble vitamins - ANSWER✔✔-vitamin A, D, E, K
water soluble vitamins - ANSWER✔✔-vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, C
trace minerals - ANSWER✔✔-needed in small amounts (iron, zinc, iodine, copper,
magnesium)
Questions and Answers
nutrition - ANSWER✔✔-a science that studies the impact of nutrients/dietary
chemicals on the health of living organisms
nutrients - ANSWER✔✔-dietary chemicals that provide energy, heat, structure, and
regulatory/signaling molecules
examples of nutrition related diseases - ANSWER✔✔-cancer, cardiovascular disease,
diabetes
types of dietary constituents - ANSWER✔✔-macronutrients, micronutrients, fiber,
phytochemicals
macronutrients - ANSWER✔✔-energy yielding nutrients needed in large quantities in
the body: carbohydrates, fat/lipids, protein, water
micronutrients - ANSWER✔✔-provide no energy for the body but necessary for proper
functioning: vitamins and minerals
,phytochemicals - ANSWER✔✔-trace chemicals in foods that affect health and disease
risk
fiber - ANSWER✔✔-consists of complex non-digestible carbohyrates
soluble fiber - ANSWER✔✔-can be dissolved in water --> binds cholesterol, preventing
its uptake
insoluble fiber - ANSWER✔✔-cannot be dissolved in water --> speeds transit of foods
through the digestive system
protein - ANSWER✔✔-- consists of 20 amino acids linked end to end
- required for growth, maintenance, and repair by supplying amino acids
essential amino acids - ANSWER✔✔-8 of them; the body cannot make them but
requires them
why do we need fiber? - ANSWER✔✔--helps with the dietary tract
-reduces the absorption for cholesterol
carbohydrates (CHO) - ANSWER✔✔-consist of of simple sugars and complex carbs
(polymers)
complex carbohydrates - ANSWER✔✔-allow better glucose (glycemic) control than
simple sugars
, fat - ANSWER✔✔-is a lipid; consists of fatty acids bound to glycerol to produce
triacylgqcerol (TAG)
4-9-4 rule - ANSWER✔✔-carbs: 4 kcal/g
fat: 9 kcal/g
protein: 4 kcal/g
why does fat have more calories? - ANSWER✔✔-provides concentrated energy from its
fatty acids
vitamins - ANSWER✔✔-organic chemicals required in small amounts for health
what do vitamins do? - ANSWER✔✔-they serve as coenzymes to signaling molecules
(e.g. hormones) --> regulate metabolism and maintain normal growth/cell functions
2 classifications of vitamins - ANSWER✔✔-fat soluble vitamins and water soluble
vitamins
fat soluble vitamins - ANSWER✔✔-vitamin A, D, E, K
water soluble vitamins - ANSWER✔✔-vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, C
trace minerals - ANSWER✔✔-needed in small amounts (iron, zinc, iodine, copper,
magnesium)
